Elizabethan England 1558-1588
- Created by: Fidele14
- Created on: 15-04-18 17:09
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- Elizabethan England 1558-1588
- Elizabeth's legitimacy.
- king Henry married Katherine of Aragon and had a daughter called Mary. However in 1533 Henry VIII divorced Katherine of Aragon and goes ahead and marries Anne Boleyn in the same year and they have a daughter who is Elizabeth. But the marriage was not consented by the pope and catholic church therefore Elizabeth is illegitimate.
- also another problem is that she is a woman and in Tudor times women were seen as less superior than men and that if she does marry she will lose all power and will have to submit to him. consequently she stays a virgin as she does not want to submit the throne and therefore stays the virgin queen and has no heir to the throne so the Tudor legacy can remain.
- also another problem is that she is a woman and in Tudor times women were seen as less superior than men and that if she does marry she will lose all power and will have to submit to him. consequently she stays a virgin as she does not want to submit the throne and therefore stays the virgin queen and has no heir to the throne so the Tudor legacy can remain.
- king Henry married Katherine of Aragon and had a daughter called Mary. However in 1533 Henry VIII divorced Katherine of Aragon and goes ahead and marries Anne Boleyn in the same year and they have a daughter who is Elizabeth. But the marriage was not consented by the pope and catholic church therefore Elizabeth is illegitimate.
- religious settlements 1559
- Act of supremacy
- The act of supremacy was an act that stated that Elizabeth was supreme governor of the Church of England, which meant all royal officials and clergymen had to swear an oath of allegiance to Elizabeth they were no longer responsible to the pope but to Elizabeth.
- Act of Uniformity
- this was basically how the church was presented, how the services were presented. this also required everyone to attend the services as well.
- Royal injunctions.
- this was instructions to the clergy of how they should follow the act of uniformity, also how they should follow the act of supremacy, it was also stating that the services should be held in English and that they should worship God in her way.
- Act of supremacy
- politics and society.
- One problem she faced when she inherited the throne was that the crown was broke and had no money. a consequent to paying off this debt with foreign dealers was hyperinflation. in order to increase the crowns income was to raise taxes but by doing this, this will upset the public and may cause a rebellion. another thing to do will be to increase the gold and silver content in the coins which will make it more expensive which will subsequently bring income to the crown. SOLUTION: she had to generate some income but she didn't raise taxes, instead she cut her expenses by half and she also paid less on feasts and on servants as well. And by 1574 the crown was now out of debt.
- Government and society.
- Elizabeth had a government which included the house of Lords, house of Commons (these people were elected) but not many people could vote: women were excluded, poor people from the village were excluded and only wealthy nobles were allowed to vote.
- Government heirarchy
- Justice of Peace: they were in charge of their local area and kept everyone in check and sometimes heard local court hearings
- Lord Lieutenants: these were noblemen who were appointed by the Government, they governed local English courtiers and rounded up local militias
- Courts: these were mostly made up of noblemen and their only job was to make Elizabeth look good
- Privy council: they were an important group made up of Elizabeth's friends and their only job was to advise Elizabeth
- society
- this was heavily divided by rich and poor and also there was privileges given to the rich that the poor had that the rich hadn't like voting.
- Government heirarchy
- Elizabeth had a government which included the house of Lords, house of Commons (these people were elected) but not many people could vote: women were excluded, poor people from the village were excluded and only wealthy nobles were allowed to vote.
- challenges abroad.
- Scotland
- they were allies with France. they had french soldiers there so they can attack England.
- France
- they are richer than England and they have a bigger population which enables them to collect more taxes. France and spain become allies and could possibly unite forces to overthrow Elizabeth to restore Catholicism in England.
- spain
- they have troops in the Netherlands which is really close to England and could be in trouble if war occurs due to it costing money.
- the spanish armada.
- King Phillip of Spain was given permission to invade England and overthrow Elizabeth and put a Catholic monarch back on the thrown. the Spanish Armada was commanded by the Duke of Medina. their aim was to crossover and quickly seize London. however in April 1587 there was a major setback when sir Francis Drake and his men set fire and captured about 30 Spanish ships.
- In 1588 the new Spanish Armada was ready to invade England. however the English were ready and they were equipped with commander in chief: Charles Howard, Sir Francis of Drake, John Hawkins and Martin Frobisher.
- The Duke of Medina's ships were mostly merchant ships they were: 22 large galleons armed with cannons, 4 oar powered galleasses, 100 merchant vessels and there were 18,000 Spanish men. however the English had 34 "race built" warships which were smaller and more manoeuvrable, they also had 163 merchant vessels.
- solutions
- Elizabeth signs the PEACE OF TROYES which states that Calais is french which avoids war. she also imprisons Mary QS in London which reduces her threat to England.
- Scotland
- Elizabeth's legitimacy.
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