DNA technology
- Created by: 08rmorris
- Created on: 26-03-15 17:18
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- DNA technology
- DNA fragments
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
- 1. Start with a sample of the DNA to be amplified, and add the 4 nucleotides and the enzyme DNA polymerase
- 2. Heat to 95 degrees celcius for 2 minutes to break the H bonds between the bee pairs and separate the two strands of DNA.
- Normally (in-vivo) the DNAdouble helix would be separated by an enzyme
- 3. Add primers to the mixture and cool to 40 degrees C. Primers are short lengths of dingle-stranded DNA that anneal to complementary sequences of double stranded DNA
- The DNA is cooled to 40 to allow H bonds to form. There are 2 reasons for making short lengths of double stranded DNA
- 1. The enzyme DNA polymerase requires some existing double stranded DNA to get it started
- 2. Only the DNA between the primer sequences is replicated,so by choosing appropriate primers you can ensure that only a specific target sequence is copied.
- 4. The DNA polymerase enzyme can now build new strands alongside each old strand to make double-stranded DNA. Each new nucleotide binds to the the old strand by complementary base pairing and is joined to the growing chain by a phosphodiester bond.
- The enzyme used in PCR is derived from the thermophilic bacterium thermus aquaticus.
- which grows naturally in hot springs at a temperature of 90 so it is not denatured by the high temperature in step 2.
- Its optimum temperature is about 72, so the mixture is heated to this temperature for a few minutes to allow replication to take place as quick as possible
- which grows naturally in hot springs at a temperature of 90 so it is not denatured by the high temperature in step 2.
- 5.Each original DNA molecule has now been replicated to form two molecules
- This cycle is repeated from step 2 and each time the number of DNA molecules double
- This is why it is called a chain reaction
- This cycle is repeated from step 2 and each time the number of DNA molecules double
- The enzyme used in PCR is derived from the thermophilic bacterium thermus aquaticus.
- The DNA is cooled to 40 to allow H bonds to form. There are 2 reasons for making short lengths of double stranded DNA
- 2. Heat to 95 degrees celcius for 2 minutes to break the H bonds between the bee pairs and separate the two strands of DNA.
- 1. Start with a sample of the DNA to be amplified, and add the 4 nucleotides and the enzyme DNA polymerase
- The enzyme used in PCR is derived from the thermophilic bacterium thermus aquaticus.
- which grows naturally in hot springs at a temperature of 90 so it is not denatured by the high temperature in step 2.
- Its optimum temperature is about 72, so the mixture is heated to this temperature for a few minutes to allow replication to take place as quick as possible
- which grows naturally in hot springs at a temperature of 90 so it is not denatured by the high temperature in step 2.
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