OCR Geology, Dinosaurs revision mindmap
This is just a little mindmap that covers the Dinosaurs side of A2 Geology I will eventually put up a fossils one and then a dating and climate one. Hope you find this useful :)
- Created by: behindblueglass
- Created on: 26-12-13 19:15
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- Dinosaurs (F795)
- Similarities between Coelacanths/ Lungfish
- Four limbs/ fins (tetrapod)
- Limbs in the same body positions
- Pentadactyl limbs
- No claws/ nails
- Similar skull morphology
- Complex teeth
- Tail fin
- Scales
- Amphibians adaptations
- Skeletal girdle
- Stronger skeleton
- Eyelids
- Better Circulation
- Tounge
- Ears
- Amphibians still need water to lay eggs
- Amniotic Egg advantages
- Water is inside
- No need for main water source
- Hard outer shell Protection
- Develops directly into mini adult
- Laying less eggs, but better quality
- Egg shell is porous for gas exchange= breathing
- Yoke sack= food
- No larval stage
- Saurischia/ Ornithischia
- At the early Triassic
- Saurischia
- Theropoda (birds+ T-rex)
- Theropoda= Meat eater
- Birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs
- Hollow thin walled bones= lighter
- S-shaped curved neck
- Elongated arms/forelimbs
- Clawed hands
- Pubis shifted from forward to backward
- Large orbits (eye sockets)
- Hinged ankles (reduces rotation of ankle)
- Sauropoda (Dipolodcus)
- Sauropoda= Veg eater
- Pubis bone points forward= primitive
- Long S shaped mobile neck
- 3 digits (or less)
- Diplodocus
- Long slender small skull
- Long neck, allowing reaching to vegetation and foliage in wetlands
- Peg-like teeth only found at the front, digesting would have been difficult so bacterial action or gastroliths to aid digestion
- Long lightly built body, extra bones under
- Bony protrusions point forwards/backwards (T) supporting extra mobility of neck/tail
- Tail= long, whip like = defence
- Tyrannosaurus
- Small eyes, big eyes are for seeing prey.
- Small arms, not good for grasping
- Back legs were huge, for walking long distances
- Large olfactory lobes, smelling lobes for scavenging
- Meat eater, teeth= Large, curved and jagged making them ideal for tearing flesh
- Wide jaws, open head= attacker
- Theropoda (birds+ T-rex)
- Ornithischia
- Iguanadon
- Horny beak to crop vegetation
- Leaf shaped teeth able to flex side to side, grind down vegetation
- Hinged upper jaw mean upper teeth move over lower teeth
- Defensive spike used as a weapon or to obtain food on the thumb
- Hand adaptation, can grasp trees
- Quadrupedal/ Bipedal stance, ability to stand on all fours or run on two Quad= more energy efficient Bi= reach higher points
- Tail= balance
- Arrangement of bones similar to birds pubis bone points backwards
- Front teeth are small/absent, replaced with a horny beak
- Armored with bony plates, heat exchanges or defense Armour (triceratops)
- Vegitarians
- Iguanadon
- Archaeopteryx
- Reptilian/Dino features
- Long, bony lizard- like tail
- Three digits on wings
- Snout with developed reptilian teeth
- Reptilian skull/ brain
- Sternun not bony or keeled
- Gastralia (belly ribs) present
- S- shaped curved neck
- Bird- like features
- Wings for flight
- Feathers
- Hollow bones
- Legs directly under body
- Furcula present
- Reversed big toe
- Reptilian/Dino features
- Mass extinctions
- Permo- triassic 251 ma
- Super continent
- Pangaea formed
- Fewer continental shelves (nowhere for shallow marine organisms)
- Huge climatic fluctuations
- Fewer rivers to less nutrients reaching the sea
- Fewer rivers so less fresh water increasing salinity
- Huge glaciations so sea level dropped
- Volcanoes
- Siberian traps= biggest eruption ever covered 2 mil km squared
- Poisonous gases released
- Gases/ash particles caused global cooling
- CO2 + SO2 greenhouse gases cause global warming
- Methane hydrates= positive feedback
- Super continent
- Cretaceous- Tertiary 65ma
- Asteroid/ Meteorite Impact
- Iridium at boundary
- Shocked quartz grains
- Tektites (solidified molten rock)
- Tsunami- sedimentary structures
- Crater 180km in diameter at the Yucatan Peninsula Mexico
- Volcanoes
- Decan traps (India 1/2 million km squared of basalt)
- Poisonous gases released
- Ash cloud caused global cooling 100s/ 1000s of years
- CO2 + SO2 Greenhouse gases
- Asteroid/ Meteorite Impact
- Permo- triassic 251 ma
- Similarities between Coelacanths/ Lungfish
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