Developmental Psychology - AQA Year 1 Core Studies
- Created by: erose20
- Created on: 05-12-19 13:12
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- Developmental Psychology
- Strength of developmental psychology
- Often longitudinal studies which allows us to look at development over time
- Focuses on Nurture - says past experiences shape our behaviour
- Weakness of developmental psychology
- Longitudinal studies require dedicated p's and take a long time
- Theories of age-related studies have shown to be too rigid
- Behaviourist Perspective
- There is little difference between the learning in humans and in animals
- We have no free will - our environment determines our behaviour
- When we are born, our mind is tabula rasa
- Bandura (1961)
- Aim
- To demonstrate that learning can occur through observation of a model and that imitation can occur when there is no model
- Methodology
- 72 Nursery Children
- Opportunity Sample
- Independent Measures Design and Matched Participant Design
- Controlled Lab Experiment
- 3 groups of 24 p's, Control, Aggressive and Non-Aggressive model conditions
- Procedure
- Stage 1 - Modelling
- Children in aggressive and non-aggressive tested alone in room 1.
- Aggressive condition acted aggressively to bobo doll. Non-aggressive condition assembled tinker toys and ignored doll.
- Stage 2 - Arousal
- Children taken to room 2 and experimenter discretely worked in the corner
- They showed the children attractive toys but told them they could not play with them because they are too special
- Stage 3 - Imitation
- Children taken to room 3. experimenter discretely worked in the corner
- Two observers scored the childrens behaviour every 5 seconds, giving 240 in total
- Stage 1 - Modelling
- Results
- Girls were more verbally aggressive
- Boys were a lot more physically aggressive
- Boys were more influenced by male models
- Girls weren't affected by the gender of the model
- Conclusions
- Children learned by imitation
- Children are more likely to imitate a model they identify with (gender)
- Learning can occur without reinforcement but it influences appropriate behaviour
- Evaluation
- Lab Experiment
- High control
- Observer Bias
- Lacks ecological validity
- Not standardised
- Demand Characteristics
- Lab Experiment
- Aim
- Chaney (2004)
- Aim
- To show that the use of a novel asthma spacer device can provide positive reinforcement leading to improved adherence in young asthmatics
- Methodology
- Field Experiment
- Repeated Measures Design
- 32 Children
- Opportunity Sample
- Procedure
- Parents completed the first questionnaire at the beginning of the research
- After 2 weeks, a second questionnaire was done with matched questions
- During the study, each parent was called at random to find out whether their child had used the fun-haler successfully the day before
- Results
- There was an increase in medicating their child
- There was an increase in the number of cycles completed
- There was an increase in positive attitudes
- There was a decrease in difficulties
- Conclusion
- There was improved adherence, combined with satisfactory delivery characteristic
- Functional incentive devices may improve the health of children
- Adherence improved by making it fun
- Evaluation
- High Ecological Validity
- High External Validity
- Low Internal Validity
- Standardised
- High Internal and External Reliability
- Aim
- Strength of developmental psychology
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