Unit 2 - Section 10 - Data and Information

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  • Data and information
    • What is data?
      • Data represents raw fact and figures or a set of values.
    • Types of data
      • Data can take the form of numbers, text, still or moving images and sound.
      • Bits and bytes
        • Computers store and process data using binary numbers
          • A single unit in binary is a 'bit'. Computer memory is measured in 'bytes' and one 'byte' is made up of eight bits.
    • Coding and encoding
      • Encoding: used by computers to convert data into machine readable form.
      • Coding: some data is coded on collection before being entered and this changes the original data into a shortened version by assigning a code
    • Processing data
      • Processing is the work the computer does on the data to convert it into information
      • Information is data that has been processed into something that is meaningful
    • Quality of information
      • What makes information valuable?
        • Accuracy
          • Information needs to be accurate within businesses as it can often be used to help businesses to make important decisions.
            • Thorough error checking must take place and regular updates must be applied if the information is to remain accurate.
        • Up to date
          • Some information only has value within a specific timescale.
        • Complete
          • If the information produced is not fully complete then it loses its value
        • From a reliable source
          • There is a lack of control on the content included on Internet websites which can often reduce the value of the information obtained
            • Users are encouraged to find their information from trusted sources
        • Relevant
          • Information is only valuable to someone who has a use for it

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