crime prevention, police and courts
done in note form
- Created by: Rhianna Hall
- Created on: 12-06-14 17:18
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- crime prevention, police & courts
- crime prev strategies
- situational crime prev - Clarke - id 2 features
- 1) inv managing the immediate env of the crime
- 2) aim to increase the effort & risks coming crime (reducing rew)
- e.g. tarfet hardening - use of CCTV & replace coin machine w/ swipe cards
- community safety/ crime reduction
- 2 other actions must happen
- 1) intervention - id groups most at risk - put into action forms of intervention to limit offending
- 2) community - inv local comm in combating crime
- 2 other actions must happen
- situational crime prev - Clarke - id 2 features
- different styles of policing
- traditional 'beat' policing
- 1 officer had geograp area to control - replace w/ officers in cars who respond to incidents
- these methods replaced w/ 2 approaches
- 1) neighbourhood policing - police & comm support officers work in geog area
- aim to know memb of comm & resp to concerns
- 2) reactive policing - police respond to emergency calls f/ public for help
- 1) neighbourhood policing - police & comm support officers work in geog area
- traditional 'beat' policing
- the way police relate to society
- 3 main posit in und the relationship of police to soc
- 1) consensual approach - police have close rel w/ citizens e.g. in Suburbia - neigh watch - strong inf soc cont
- 2) conflict approach - police are seen as an occupying force - impose sel pol on w/c & eth mins
- 3 main posit in und the relationship of police to soc
- police discretion
- job of police to enforce law - police use own discretion to circum in deciding which laws to apply
- Reiner - 3 ways of explaining basic discretion
- 1) Individualistic - police has own discretion & interests & applies it to law
- Gorman - found racist pol officers = harsher to eth mins
- 2) Cultural - pol offs white & male - have specific occupational culture
- Skolnick - 3 components
- 1) suspiciousness - part of training - thought to discrim bet decent & dev
- 2) internal solidarity & social isolation - large amount of time w/ peers - isolated f/ public
- 3) conservatism - must abide by law - those who want to join hardly ever have politically strong attitude
- Skolnick - 3 components
- 1) Individualistic - police has own discretion & interests & applies it to law
- Reiner - 3 ways of explaining basic discretion
- job of police to enforce law - police use own discretion to circum in deciding which laws to apply
- role of courts
- once person has been caught by police, decision to press charges goes to CPS - then taken to court
- less serious crimes = magistrates courts
- vols drawn f/ comm & rep
- however, Morgan & Russel found magist refl ethnic divisions
- 40% over retirement age
- however, Morgan & Russel found magist refl ethnic divisions
- vols drawn f/ comm & rep
- EVAL
- doesn't solve the causes of crime in area - crims find diff areas/ type of crime/ victim
- doesn't reduce w.c.c
- is there a group who is most at risk of committing a crime?
- crime prev strategies
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