Classification
- Created by: elshuntt
- Created on: 07-04-18 19:24
View mindmap
- Classification
- Key Points
- Biological species concept
- Organisms are the same species if they can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
- They have the same number of chromosome = successful reproduction
- Binomial Naming Species
- e.g. Homo sapiens ~ should be underlined and in itallics.
- Homo = genus (must contain a capital)
- sapiens = species (must be lowercase)
- Ensures all species have a unique name ~ no confusion between using common names (common sames can have different scientific name)
- e.g. Homo sapiens ~ should be underlined and in itallics.
- Biological species concept
- Phylogeny
- Classifying species into groups based on their evolutionary relatedness
- Example: Species = Sapiens, Genus = Homo, Family = Hominidae, Order = Primate, Class = Mammalia, Phylum = Chlordata Kingdom = Animalia, Domain = Eukarya
- Order of Classification Domain -> Kingdom -> Phylum -> Class -> Order -> Family -> Genus -> Species
- Dominant ***** people can often find good sex
- Order of Classification Domain -> Kingdom -> Phylum -> Class -> Order -> Family -> Genus -> Species
- Example: Species = Sapiens, Genus = Homo, Family = Hominidae, Order = Primate, Class = Mammalia, Phylum = Chlordata Kingdom = Animalia, Domain = Eukarya
- Order of Classification Domain -> Kingdom -> Phylum -> Class -> Order -> Family -> Genus -> Species
- Dominant ***** people can often find good sex
- Domains
- Introduced as super-kingdoms above the levels of kingdom
- Based on evidence from DNA/RNA
- More accurate reflection of the origins of prokaryotes - very diverse thus divided into two groups Archae and Bacteria
- Eukaryotic organisms grouped together
- Kingdoms
- Prokaryotae
- e.g. bacteria
- Cell Type: Prokaryotic
- Single celled organisms
- Cell wall: Peptidoglyceride
- Autotrophic & Hetrotrophic
- does not contain membrane bound organelles
- Protoctista
- e.g. Algae
- Cell Type: Eukaryotic
- Single celled organisms
- Cell Wall: sometimes present
- Autotrophic & Hetrotrophic
- contains membrane bound organelles
- Fungi
- e.g. Yeast & Mushrooms
- Cell Type: Eukaryotic
- Multi-cellular organisms
- Cell Wall: Chitin
- Hetrotrophic
- contains membrane bound organelles
- Plantae
- contains membrane bound organelles
- e.g. Angiosperms
- Cell Type: Eukaryotic
- Multicelluar organisms (tissues and organs)
- Cell Wall: Cellulose
- Photoautotrophic
- Animalia
- e.g. Insects & Birds
- Cell Type: Eukaryotic
- No cell wall
- Multi-cellular organisms (tissues/organs/systems)
- Heterotrophic
- contains membrane bound organelles
- Prokaryotae
- Evidence Used for Phylogeny
- Biochemistry
- Cytochrome/enzymes/antibodies ~ compare tertiary structure
- Genetics
- e.g. DNA/RNA ~ compare base sequences and the higher the % match the more closely related they are
- Anatomy
- Observable physical characteristics
- Behaviour and Embryology (how the embryo develops)
- Biochemistry
- Phylogeny Species Concept (organisms are the same species if...)
- They form a monoplyletic group
- The genetic differences between individuals must be small
- There is gene flow between individuals (can have a variety of phenotype)
- Classifying species into groups based on their evolutionary relatedness
- Taxonomy
- Classifying species into groups based on observed physical chacteristics
- Key Points
Comments
No comments have yet been made