Class Difference in Achievement (External)
- Created by: ecotts
- Created on: 22-05-17 15:51
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- Class Difference in Achievement (External)
- External Factors
- Factors outside the education system such as the influences of home and family backgrounds and wider society
- Cultural Deprivation
- Most of us begin to gain the basic values, attitudes and skills from primary socialisation
- Many working class families fail to socialise their children, they become culturally divprivied
- Language
- The way in which parents communicate with their children affects there development of language
- The language used by the lower class was deficient.
- As a result their children fail to develop necessary language skills and are unable to take advantage of the schools education
- Bernstein- The speech codes
- The restricted code
- Speech typically used by the working class. Limited vocab, based on short, unfinished, grammaticaly simple sentences
- Context Bound; the speaker assumes the listener shares the same experiences
- Elaborated code
- Typically used by the middle class. Uses a wider range of vocab, based on longer and more complex sentences
- Context free: Speaker does not assume that the listener shares the same experiences and they use language to spell out their meanings
- The restricted code
- Intellectual development
- Working class parents placed less value on education. They were less ambitious for their children and gave less encouragement
- Bernistein and Young
- Middle class mothers more likely to by educational toys and books to encourage skills and intellectual development
- Attitudes and Values
- Lack of parental interest in their children's education is seen to be why children fail
- Sugarman; The working class are seen to have aspects
- Fatalism; whatever will be will be
- Present- time orientation; see the present more important than the future, no long term goals
- Most of us begin to gain the basic values, attitudes and skills from primary socialisation
- Material Deprivation
- Housing
- Poor housing can effect a child achievement directly and indirectly
- Direct
- Overcrowding can make it harder for the child to study, with nowhere to do homework and also disturbed sleep from sharing bedrooms
- Indirect
- Poor housing can affect the child health. Cold and damp housing can cause ill health, infections and accidents leading to absence of schoo
- Diet
- Howard; Children from lower income families tend to have a lower intake of vitamins. This can lead to less energy and weaknesses meaning absence of school and not concentrating
- Blanden & Machin found low income children engage in externalising behaviour (fighting) which is likely to disrupt their behaviour
- Finance
- Lack of financial support means children from poor families have to do without equipment and may miss out on enhancing educational opportunities
- Cost of school places a heavy burden on poor families. Some students amy work in order to earn money and this affects schooling
- Older students put off going to university as they are afraid of the cost and the debt they may face
- Housing
- Cultural Capital
- It is the knowledge, attitudes, values, language, and abilities of the middle class.
- Bourdieu see the middle class as a type of capital because of its wealth
- Those with a capital have an advantage in the education system as it focuses on such abilities and intreats of the middle class
- Working class felt schools devalue their cult and they get the message school isn't for them and leaving education early
- External Factors
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