Chemistry F332

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  • Created by: Yamuna
  • Created on: 24-03-13 16:48
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  • Chemistry F332
    • The Atmosphere
      • Organic reactions
        • Evidence that was gathered to support understanding of ozone depletion
        • Depletion of the ozone the catalyic role of radicals, and the photodissociation of halogenoalkanes
      • Inorganic chemistry and the Periodic Table
        • Parts per million and percentage concertrations for volume of gases
        • The percentage of the gases in the atmosphere
      • Reaction mechanisms
        • Homolytic and Heterolytic bond fission
        • Mechanism of radical chain reactions - initiation,propagation and termination
        • radical mechanism to explain reaction of alkanes with halogens( uv radiation to form halogenoalkanes)
      • Equilibria
        • Le Chatelier's principle
        • Dynamic Equilibrium
      • Applications of organic chemistry
        • Properties of CFC's and discuss HCFC's ,HFCs anfd hydrocarbons
      • Kinetics
        • Concept of Activation enthalpy-effect of temp on ROR
        • Enthalpy profile and Activation enthalpy
        • Catalyst- alternative routes of lower activation enthalpy
        • Collision theory - conc, pressure and SA affect ROR
        • Homogeneos catalysis -formation of intermediates
      • Modern analytical techniiques
        • Calculate  values from 'change in'E=hv.
        • Energy levels - molecules changing energy state
        • Relationship between concentration of gases and global warming
        • EM spectrum - infrared, visible,ultravioet as the principal radiations of the Earth and Sun
        • Approaches to control CO2 emmisions, burning of fossil fuels,increasing photosynthesis, burying or reacting carbon dioxide
        • research leading to the discovery of the 'hole' in ozone layer
        • Greenhouse  effect - solar energy reaches earth as visible and UVs.Earth absorbs some energy and radiates IR. IR absorbed by greenhouse gases.IR increases energy of bonds and increasing KE and raising temp. Greenhouse gases also emmit IR. Increase in greenhouse gases enhance greenhouse effect.
        • ozone formed and destroyed in stratosphere- Ozone action as sunscreen,polluting effect of ozone in troposhere
      • Bonding and Structure
        • Giant Covalent (network) structures
    • Elements from the Sea
      • Inorganic chemistry and the Periodic Table
        • Compare the relative reactivity of halogens in terms of their oxidising ability
        • Compare methods of manufacturing chemical industrially
        • Reaction between halide ions and silver ions.
        • Physical properties of halogens
        • Risks associated with storage and transportation of the halogens
        • Ionisation enthalpy - equation for succesive ionisations and explain trends.
        • Periodic Table- (s-,p-,d-), relationship between postion of element and charge.Formulae for compounds between ions and other cations and anions
      • Redox
        • Describe redox reactions and represent using half equations. describe oxidation and reduction as gain or loss of electron
        • Oxidation state of atoms in formulae and explain whether species has been oxidised or reduced.
      • Organic Functional groups
        • Systematic nomenclature to name halogenoalkanes and other compounds
        • Recognise and write formulae for members of homologous series
      • Bonding and Structure
        • Intermolecular bonds (instantaneoud dipole-induced dipole, permanent dipole -permanent dipole)
        • Electronegativity
        • Ionic lattice structure and able to draw the structure of compounds that have sodium chloride lattice
        • 'dot-and-cross' diagrams of ionic, covalent and dative bonds. Describe metalic bonding.
        • Physical properties and characteristicsof giant latice and simple molecular structures.Predict shape of simple molecules by electron pair repulsion.
      • Organic Reactions
        • Describe stages of purification of an organic liquid product
        • Preperation of chloroalkane from an alcohol using HCL
        • Characteristic properties of halogenoalkanes , comparing fluro-,chloro-,bromo- and iodo- (boiling points and nucleophilic substitution
      • Atomic Structure
        • electron configuration - main energy levels s- ,p- and d-atomic orbitals
        • Distribution of electrons in atomic orbitals.
      • Reaction Mechanisms
        • Explain the hydrolysis and substitution and nucleophile
        • Bond enthalpy and bond polarity affect the reactivities of halogenoalkanes and show  that bond enthalpy is more important
        • Sn2 mechanism to explain nucleophilic substitution
      • Formulae, equations and amount of substances
        • Calculations: Molecular formulae, percentage yield,masses of reagents, volumes of gases and conc of solutions.Balanced equations and ionic equations.
        • alkali titration  - work out and explain method
      • Isomerisation
        • Skeletal,full structural and structural formulae, use concept of repulsion of electron density to deduce bond angles in organic molecules - molecular shape to structural formulae (wedges and dotted line representation)
    • Polymer Revolution
      • Reaction mechanism
        • Addition and electrophile and carbocation
      • Isomerisation
        • E/Z isomers
      • Modern analytical techniques.
        • Interpret data-infrared spectra
      • Application of organic chemistry
        • Use of polymers relates to properties.
        • thermoplastic and thermoset and co-polymer
      • Bonding and Structure
        • Relative b.p.t - Inter-molecular bonds
        • Hydrogen bonds- Describe and Example
        • Solubility of a Dissolving polymer- molecular structure
      • Organic reactions
        • Addition Polymerisation
        • Elimination Reaction
        • Addition reactions - (bromine-dibromo),(hydrogen bromide-bromo), hydrogen in presence of catalyst and water in presence of catalyst
        • Heating under reflux
        • Oxidation and dehydration of Alcohols
      • Organic functional groups
        • Formulae for Alkenes - Sytematic nomenclature
        • Recognise members of Homologous Series
        • Primary , Secondary and Tertiary Alcohols

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