Topic 5: Changing family patterns (notes)
- Created by: Former Member
- Created on: 04-05-13 13:11
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- Changing family patterns
- Divorce
- Changing patterns of divroce
- Since the 1960s the divorce rate has increased
- Doubled in 1961-1969 and again in 1972
- 1993=180,000
- 2001=157,000
- 40% of marriages will end in divorce
- Reasons for increase in divorce rate
- Changes in law
- Making divorce cheaper
- 1949 - Legal aid available
- 1923 - Equal for men and women
- Making divorce cheaper
- Declining stigma and changing attitudes
- Secuarisation
- Rising expectations
- Position of women
- More likely to be in paid work
- 47% (1959) - 70% (2005)
- More likely to be in paid work
- Changes in law
- Meaning of high divorce rates
- The New Right
- Undermines the tradition of the nuclear family
- Creates welfare dependent females
- Feminists
- Women are breaking free from the patriarchal nuclear family
- Postmodernists
- Giving individuals the freedom to choose
- Greater family diversity
- Functionalists
- Doesn't prove that marriage is a social institution
- Result in higher expectations of marriage
- The New Right
- Changing patterns of divroce
- Partnerships
- Marriage
- Fewer people are marrying
- 2005 - 170,800, less than half in 1970
- More re-marriages
- 2005 - 4 out of every 10 are re marriages
- People are marrying later
- 2005 - 32 for men and 30 for women
- Couple s are less likely to marry in church
- Reasons
- Changing attitudes
- Secularisation
- Declining stigma
- Position of women
- Fear of divorce
- Fewer people are marrying
- Cohibitation
- Over 2 million cohabiting couples in the UK
- Expected to double again in 2021 just like in 1986
- Reasons for the increase
- Decline stigma (sex before marriage)
- 88% of young people said it's okay to live together with no intentions of getting married
- Increased career opportunities for women - no longer need to depend on men
- Secularisation- those without a religion were more likely to cohabit
- Same sex relationships
- STONEWALL
- 5-7% of the adult population
- WEEKS
- increased acceptance
- STONEWALL
- One-person housholds
- 2006 - almost 30% of households
- Nearly 3 times as much than in 1961
- Half are people of a pensionable age
- Reasons
- Increase in divorce
- Decline in numbers marrying
- STEIN
- 'creative singlehood'
- Living apart together
- 2006 - almost 30% of households
- Marriage
- Parents and children
- Childbearing
- Over 4 in every 10 children are born out of marriage
- Women are having children later
- 27.3 (2005)
- Women are having fewer children
- 1.84 (2006)
- More women are remaining childless
- Reasons
- Cohabitation
- Women are having children later - less firtile
- Lone-parent families
- 24% of families
- Over 90% are headed my mothers
- Children are twice as likely to live in poverty
- Reasons
- Increase in divorce
- Women = expressive role
- Welfare state
- MURRAY
- Over generous welfare state
- 'Perverse incentive'
- MURRAY
- Childbearing
- Ethic differences
- 2001 - 92.1% of the UK were white
- Indian, Pakistani or Bangladeshi
- 3.6%
- Mixed
- 1.2%
- Black Caribbean
- 1%
- Black African
- 0.8%
- Chinese
- 0.4%
- Black families
- Higher proportion of lone-parent households
- Slavery - children would stay with the mother
- Higher proportion of lone-parent households
- Asian families
- Sometimes contain 3 generations
- Extended families
- BALLAD
- Extended families provide support
- Sometimes contain 3 generations
- Extended family today
- PARSONS
- Extended family = dominant in pre-industrial times
- May have declined but not disappeared
- CHAMBERLAIN
- 'Multiple nuclear families'
- Close-knit families
- Middle class - financial help
- Fathers and sons
- Working class - domestic labor/help
- Mothers and daughters
- 'Multiple nuclear families'
- PARSONS
- Divorce
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