C15-Using our reasources
- Created by: Aidan Bradley
- Created on: 10-10-17 19:33
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- C15-Using our reasources
- C15.7-Making fertilizers in the lab
- Ammonia is used to make Nitric acid
- Nitric acid added to more ammonia creates fertilizer
- C15.6-The economics of the Haber Process
- Higher pressures would increase yield, but is more expensive
- The reaction could be done more efficiently at a lower temperature but would take too lng
- C15.2-Useful alloys
- Pure iron is too soft to be useful.
- Copper, Gold, & Aluminium are all alloyed with other metals to make them harder
- Carefully controlled amounts of Carbon and other elements are added to Iron to make steels with different qualities
- Alloys are harder than metals as the regular layers in metals are distorted by different sized atoms in alloys
- Important examples of steels are
- Low Carbon Steels which are soft but easy to shape
- High Carbon which is very hard but brittle
- Stainless steels which are resistant to corrosion
- C15.8-Making fertilizers in industry
- Fertilizers provide the plant with Nitrogen, Phosphorus & Potassium
- The Nitrogen comes from ammonia
- Phosphorus is from a rock which is treated with fertilizers to make
- The potassium is from salts that are mined mined
- C15.4-Glass, Ceramics & Composites
- Composites are usually made from 2 materials, with one as a binder for the other, improving a desired property which neither could offer alone
- Clay ceramics include pottery and bricks. They are made by shaping wet clay and heating in the furnace
- Soda glass is made from heating a mixture of sand, limestone and sodium bicarbonate. Borosilicate glass is made from sand and Boron trioxide, and melts at a higher temperature than soda glass
- C15.5-Making Ammonia - The Haber process
- The Haber process is carried out at 450 degrees and 200atm
- Ammonia is mostly important for making fertilizers
- Ammonia is made from Hydrogen and Nitrogen in the Haber process
- All Nitrogen and Hydrogen are recycled
- N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(l) + H
- C15.1-Rusting
- Oxygen and Water are required for iron to rust
- Providing a barrier between iron from any air or water protects the iron from rusting
- Sacrificial protection protects the iron even when exposed to air or water by attaching it to a more reactive metal
- C15.3-Properties of polymers
- Monomers affect the properties of the polymers they produce
- Thermosoftening polymers will soften of melt easily when heated as their intermolecular forces are weak
- Changing the reaction conditions can affect the properties of the polymer
- thermosetting polymers will not soften bacause of their crosslinking which will char if heated strongly
- C15.7-Making fertilizers in the lab
- C15.3-Properties of polymers
- Monomers affect the properties of the polymers they produce
- Thermosoftening polymers will soften of melt easily when heated as their intermolecular forces are weak
- Changing the reaction conditions can affect the properties of the polymer
- thermosetting polymers will not soften bacause of their crosslinking which will char if heated strongly
- Higher tier only
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