DEPTH

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  • Created by: faz.momin
  • Created on: 12-10-17 18:32
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  • DEPTH
    • Mono-saccharides
      • GLUCOSE
        • Alpha glucose
        • Beta glucose
    • Di -sacchardides
      • This is when  only two  mono-saccharides are joined togther
        • Poly-saccharides
          • This is when more than two mono-saccharides joined together
      • Glycosidic bonds are broken when a chain of glucose are broken by the hydrolysis reaction
        • Glycosidic bonds are formed when glucose are joined together by condensation reaction
    • STARCH
      • Amylose
        • Long, unbranched chain of a-glucose
        • The angles of the glycosidic bonds gives it a coiled structure
          • 1-4 glycosidic bonds
        • The coiled structure makes amylose very compact
          • This makes is amazing for storage
          • HYDROGEN BONDS, hold the coil structure together
      • Amylopectin
        • Long, BRANCHED chain of a-glucose
        • CONSISTS of 1-4 & 1-6  glycosidic bonds
        • The side branches can easily be 'snipped off' by enzymes
          • This breaks the glycosidic bonds very easily.
            • Producing glucose very quickly
      • MAIN ENERGY STORAGE MATERIAL IN PLANTS
    • GLYCOGEN
      • MAIN ENERGY STORAGE MATERIAL IN ANIMALS
        • A long, branched chain of a-glucose.
        • 1-4 and MANY 1-6 GLYCOSIDIC BONDS
          • This means lots of side branches
            • LOTS OF BRANCHES means stored glucose can be released QUICKLY
              • This is important due to animals having a high metabolism
        • The branches also makes it compact, which is GREAT FOR STORAGE
      • Animals store excess glucose as gycogen
        • In the liver or muscle cells
        • Helps to control HIGH BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS
        • Beta cells detect the change in glucose.
          • In the Islet of Langerhans
          • B-CELL SECRETES INSULIIN
            • INSULIN can complementary bind to receptors in the liver cells or muscle cells
              • This increases the permeability of the cell membrane to GLUCOSE.
                • INSULIN activates an enzyme that CONVERTS glucose into glycogen
    • CELLULOSE
      • THE MAJOR COMPONENT OD THE CELL WALLS IN PLANTS
        • Chains of B-GLUCOSE
        • Cellulose chains are straight and linear
          • HYDROGEN BONDS are held between the linear chains of rotated b-glucose
            • This gives additional strength
            • PREVENTS them from spiralling
        • Hydrogen and Hydroxyl groups are inverted in b-glucose
        • There are 1-4 GLYCOSIDIC BONDS
          • This also prevent the chain from spiraling.
          • Provides strength
        • When many cellulose chains are joins together
          • This makes a Micro-fibril

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