2. Attitudes
- Created by: Amy Parkinson
- Created on: 17-04-15 13:30
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- Attitude
- An attitude is a mode of behaviour that is thought to be a typical response of an individual
- Attitudes are invariable associated with personality
- MOODY
- Attitude is a mental state of readiness organised through experiences that influences the response of an individual towards any object or situation with which it is realted
- An attitude is an emotional response that can be enduring
- Attitudes are also unstable and can be changed
- An attitude is directed towards an attitude object
- Long-standing attitudes may affect behaviour causing an individual to be inconsistent in judgement. This may revealed through prejudice
- Attitude prejudice could seriously affect a young persons participation in sport
- Undesirable prejudice is evident in gender issues
- Origin of attitudes
- Attitudes are formed mainly through experiences
- Positive experiences are likely to promote positive attitudes and vice versa
- Socialisation is also a key feature in the development of an attitude
- In teenage years, the peer group has the most powerful influence
- Attitude may also stem from culture (religion, race, peer groups)
- Components of attitude
- 1. Cognitive: reflects beliefs and knowldge
- 2. Affective: consists of feelings or an emotional response
- 3. Behavioural: consists of how a person intends to respond towards an attitude object
- Changing attitudes
- FESTINGER: cognitive dissonance theory
- If 2 attitude components can be made to oppose each other, the individual experiences dissonance (discomfort)
- Bringing about cognitive dissonance increases the chance of changing the overall attitude
- Persuasive communication theory
- 1. Persuader: needs to be a significant other with high status
- 2. Message: needs to be presented in a positive way
- 3. Recipients: they must want to change
- 4. Situation: needs to be comfortable for the recipient
- FESTINGER: cognitive dissonance theory
- EVAL
- Attitudes in general are poor predictors of behaviour
- DISHMAN
- An indivual's positive attitudes and beliefs relating to health benefits of exercise do not guarantee they will stick to a fitness programme
- FISHBEIN
- When attitudes become more specific, they are more likely to predict behaviour
- The most accurate predictor of behaviour occurs when a person makes a clear commitment of intent
- This clear declaration is called behavioural intention and arises when a positive attitude is reinforced by a significant other
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