animal organisation - the circulatory system
- Created by: noodles.07
- Created on: 16-08-21 09:59
View mindmap
- The circulatory system
- Blood
- red blood cells
- carry the oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body
- carries carbon dioxide back to the lungs
- bioconcave disc shape provides large surface area
- contain red pigment haemoglobin which binds to oxygen and forms oxyhaemoglobin
- no nucleus = more space for haemoglobin
- white blood cells
- part of immune system
- 70% are phagocytes
- live for a few days
- engulf and digest unwanted microorganisms in the blood -phagocytosis
- 25% are lymphocytes
- live for weeks
- produces antibodies (soluble proteins) when a foreign body enters the body
- Platelets
- helps to clot blood at wound
- proteins on the surface allow them to stick to breaks in a blood vessel and clump together
- secretes proteins which results in chemical reactions to make a blood clot
- small fragments of cells from bone marrow
- helps to clot blood at wound
- Plasma
- yellow liquid which carries the components in the blood
- carbon dioxide from organs to lungs
- urea from liver to kidneys
- soluble products of digestion from small int to other organs
- yellow liquid which carries the components in the blood
- red blood cells
- Blood vessels
- Arteries
- carry blood away from the heart
- layers of muscle in walls
- can be stretched using elastic fibres
- high pressure
- veins
- carry blood back to the heart
- lumen is wide for low pressure blood to flow
- valves to ensure direction
- capillaries
- allows blood to flow very close to cells to allow transport of substances
- 1 cell thick diffusion pathway
- permeable walls
- Arteries
- The heart
- blood vessels
- aorta (l) - carries oxygenated blood around body
- pulmonary vein(l) - brings oxygenated blood from lungs
- pulmonary artery (r)- deoxygenated blood to lungs
- vena cava (r)- brings deoxygenated blood to heart
- Structure
- thick left ventricle muscular wall
- thick muscular walls for strong heartbeat
- 4 chambers to separate oxygenated blood from deoxygenated blood
- valves so blood flows in the right direction
- coronary arteries for its own oxygen
- Process
- blood flows into the right atrium through the vena cava
- the atrium contracts pumping it into the right ventricle
- the ventricle contracts, forcing it into the pulmonary artery
- the atrium contracts pumping it into the right ventricle
- blood flows into the right atrium through the vena cava
- blood vessels
- Blood
Comments
No comments have yet been made