Reign of Alexander 3 1884-1917 Russia
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- Created by: Joanna S
- Created on: 23-12-13 14:37
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- Alexander 3 1881-1894
- Problems in 1881
- Crisis from Alexander 2 assasination
- Alexander 3 was conservative and didn't agree with his father's reforms
- He began to take the reforms back by placing restrictions
- This stopped modernisation and development
- He began to take the reforms back by placing restrictions
- Alexander 3 was conservative and didn't agree with his father's reforms
- Trying to rule a huge multicultural country
- Split in oppinions on how to country should be ran
- Westerners wanted the Tsar to stay in power but have a parliment
- Slavophils wanted the Tsar to rule in an absolute autocracy
- They believed that a strong autocracy held the empire together
- Opposition (mainly People's Will)
- Wanted the Tsar gone
- Killed Royals
- Famous for assassination of Alexander 2
- Crisis from Alexander 2 assasination
- Repression and Reaction
- Political repression
- Political opponents were put on trial without the jury
- Some areas of Russia e.g. Poland wanted to establish their own state
- People wanted the power to be handed to them
- People wanted to change the political system
- Alexander 3 repressed them
- However, political opponents like People's Will still existed
- E.g. Lenin's brother was killed for an attempted assassination in 1887
- However, political opponents like People's Will still existed
- Alexander 3 repressed them
- Universities were only for the very wealthy and came under state control in 1884
- Press freedom was restricted by censorship once again
- Newspapers were banned in 1882-89
- Books were censored by the Okhrana to prevent widespread of radical ideas
- Melikov and Ignatiev (liberal ministers) were replaced by Pobedonostsev
- Alexander 3 1881-1894
- Problems in 1881
- Crisis from Alexander 2 assasination
- Alexander 3 was conservative and didn't agree with his father's reforms
- He began to take the reforms back by placing restrictions
- This stopped modernisation and development
- He began to take the reforms back by placing restrictions
- Alexander 3 was conservative and didn't agree with his father's reforms
- Trying to rule a huge multicultural country
- Split in oppinions on how to country should be ran
- Westerners wanted the Tsar to stay in power but have a parliment
- Slavophils wanted the Tsar to rule in an absolute autocracy
- They believed that a strong autocracy held the empire together
- Opposition (mainly People's Will)
- Wanted the Tsar gone
- Killed Royals
- Famous for assassination of Alexander 2
- Crisis from Alexander 2 assasination
- Repression and Reaction
- Political repression
- Political opponents were put on trial without the jury
- Some areas of Russia e.g. Poland wanted to establish their own state
- People wanted the power to be handed to them
- People wanted to change the political system
- Alexander 3 repressed them
- However, political opponents like People's Will still existed
- E.g. Lenin's brother was killed for an attempted assassination in 1887
- However, political opponents like People's Will still existed
- Alexander 3 repressed them
- Universities were only for the very wealthy and came under state control in 1884
- Press freedom was restricted by censorship once again
- Newspapers were banned in 1882-89
- Books were censored by the Okhrana to prevent widespread of radical ideas
- Melikov and Ignatiev (liberal ministers) were replaced by Pobedonostsev
- The Tsar felt threatened because of the other assasinations
- This put other arristocracts in compromising places
- Repression Campaign
- Supported by the upper class and the slavophils
- Political repression
- Repressive autocratic state
- No political freedom
- Censorship
- Religions and languages were repressed/ banned (Russification)
- Jews joined radical organisations againast the Tsar
- Like the Bund (formed in 1895) which later joined the Bolsheviks
- 1895 Lenin exiled to Siberia along with others
- Some fled the country
- Okhrana (Ochrana)
- repressed political opponents
- Replaced the Soviet secret police
- Arrested members of extremist groups that were against the Tsar
- Peasant population grow rapidly
- Less land availible
- Caused famines in 1891-93
- Less land availible
- No political freedom
- Russification
- Russian became the official language
- All the other languages were banned
- Other religions were either banned or restricted
- Jews were the most repressed
- Pogroms - attacks on Jews were frequent and encouraged by the government
- Many fled the country in fear
- Russian became the official language
- Financial Reform
- Russia was very economically underdeveloped
- the economy was mostly based on agriculture
- This again set the country backwards
- Nikolai Bunge - Finance minister in 1882
- Peasant land banks allowed loans for peasants
- This encouraged expansion and new development
- Reduced taxes for peasants
- Peasant land banks allowed loans for peasants
- Ivan Vyshnegradsky 1887
- Famine of 1891
- Encouraged peasants to farm in Siberia
- Central Control
- Pobedonostsev began to undo Alexander 2's reforms
- He Introduced land captains in 1889
- Land Captains replaced the local justice system
- He Introduced land captains in 1889
- Pobedonostsev put primary school under the Orthodox
- Peasants were no longer allowed secondary education
- Doctors and teachers (and other professionals) were not allowed to vote
- In 1980 local justice became state controlled as the juries were appointed by the government
- Pobedonostsev began to undo Alexander 2's reforms
- Nicholas 2
- Tutored by a conservative Pobedonostsev
- Last tsar of Russia
- Murdered by the Bolsheviks in 1917
- Became tasr in 1894
- He didn't want to rule
- He had little interest in politics
- He was seen as "weak" and "soft"
- People expected him to be more relaxed
- 1895 Januray, a delegation of zemstva asked for more political power
- He dismissed the idea as senseless dreams
- 1895 Januray, a delegation of zemstva asked for more political power
- Problems in 1881
- The Tsar felt threatened because of the other assasinations
- This put other arristocracts in compromising places
- Repression Campaign
- Supported by the upper class and the slavophils
- Political repression
- Repressive autocratic state
- No political freedom
- Censorship
- Religions and languages were repressed/ banned (Russification)
- Jews joined radical organisations againast the Tsar
- Like the Bund (formed in 1895) which later joined the Bolsheviks
- 1895 Lenin exiled to Siberia along with others
- Some fled the country
- Okhrana (Ochrana)
- repressed political opponents
- Replaced the Soviet secret police
- Arrested members of extremist groups that were against the Tsar
- Peasant population grow rapidly
- Less land availible
- Caused famines in 1891-93
- Less land availible
- No political freedom
- Russification
- Russian became the official language
- All the other languages were banned
- Other religions were either banned or restricted
- Jews were the most repressed
- Pogroms - attacks on Jews were frequent and encouraged by the government
- Many fled the country in fear
- Russian became the official language
- Financial Reform
- Russia was very economically underdeveloped
- the economy was mostly based on agriculture
- This again set the country backwards
- Nikolai Bunge - Finance minister in 1882
- Peasant land banks allowed loans for peasants
- This encouraged expansion and new development
- Reduced taxes for peasants
- Peasant land banks allowed loans for peasants
- Ivan Vyshnegradsky 1887
- Famine of 1891
- Encouraged peasants to farm in Siberia
- Central Control
- Pobedonostsev began to undo Alexander 2's reforms
- He Introduced land captains in 1889
- Land Captains replaced the local justice system
- He Introduced land captains in 1889
- Pobedonostsev put primary school under the Orthodox
- Peasants were no longer allowed secondary education
- Doctors and teachers (and other professionals) were not allowed to vote
- In 1980 local justice became state controlled as the juries were appointed by the government
- Pobedonostsev began to undo Alexander 2's reforms
- Nicholas 2
- Tutored by a conservative Pobedonostsev
- Last tsar of Russia
- Murdered by the Bolsheviks in 1917
- Became tasr in 1894
- He didn't want to rule
- He had little interest in politics
- He was seen as "weak" and "soft"
- People expected him to be more relaxed
- 1895 Januray, a delegation of zemstva asked for more political power
- He dismissed the idea as senseless dreams
- 1895 Januray, a delegation of zemstva asked for more political power
- Problems in 1881
- Ironically he was on his way to sign a decree which would allow an elected parliament
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