Synthesis Reactions

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  • Alcohol (OH)
    • Reduction LiAlH4
      • Carboxylic Acid (RCOOH)
        • Acidified Na2Cr2O7 Reflux
          • Aldehyde (ROH)
            • Acidified Na2Cr2O7
              • Remains orange
              • Colour change orange to green
        • Esterification Conc H+/ Warm/ Alcohol
        • Acidified Na2Cr2O7
          • Remains orange
        • Condensation polymerisation/ heat
          • Alcohol (OH)
            • Reduction LiAlH4
              • Carboxylic Acid (RCOOH)
                • Acidified Na2Cr2O7 Reflux
                  • Aldehyde (ROH)
                    • Acidified Na2Cr2O7
                      • Remains orange
                      • Colour change orange to green
                • Esterification Conc H+/ Warm/ Alcohol
                • Acidified Na2Cr2O7
                  • Remains orange
                • Condensation polymerisation/ heat
                  • Polymer (RCOR) bond formed
                    • Polyester
            • Dehydration HBr/Heat
              • Haloalkane (RX)
                • 1. Dilute nitric acid       2.Silver Nitrate
                  • Br
                    • Cream precipitate
                  • I
                    • Yellow precipitate
                  • Cl
                    • White precipitate
                  • F
                    • No Precipitate
                • Free radical substitution Cl2/UV light
                  • Alkane (C-C)
                    • Hydrogenation (H+) Ni catalyst
                      • Alkene (C=C)
                        • Dehydration Al2O3 400 °c
                          • Hydration Steam 300°c (H3PO4 catalyst)
                            • Bromine solution
                              • Decolourises
                            • Necleophilic addition HBR
                              • Haloalkane (RX)
                                • 1. Dilute nitric acid       2.Silver Nitrate
                                  • Br
                                    • Cream precipitate
                                  • I
                                    • Yellow precipitate
                                  • Cl
                                    • White precipitate
                                  • F
                                    • No Precipitate
                                • Free radical substitution Cl2/UV light
                                  • Alkane (C-C)
                                    • Hydrogenation (H+) Ni catalyst
                                      • Alkene (C=C)
                                        • Dehydration Al2O3 400 °c
                                          • Hydration Steam 300°c (H3PO4 catalyst)
                                            • Bromine solution
                                              • Decolourises
                                            • Necleophilic addition HBR
                                              • Addition Polymerisation
                                                • Polymer (C-C) Bond formed
                                  • Addition Polymerisation
                                    • Polymer (C-C) Bond formed
                      • Nuc Substitution KOH(ethanol/ water)
                        • Secondary
                          • Acidified Na2Cr2O7 Reflux
                            • Ketone (ROR)
                              • Addition HCN
                                • Nitrile (RCN)
                                  • Reflux K/NACN
                                    • Dehydration P4O10 catalyst
                                      • Amine (RNH2)
                                        • Nucleophilic substitution Amonia/Heat
                                          • Nucleophilic substitution Ammonia/ primary amine
                                            • Acyl Chloride (RCOOCl)
                                              • OR
                                                • Condensation polymerisation
                                                  • Amine (RNH2)
                                                    • Nucleophilic substitution Amonia/Heat
                                                      • Nucleophilic substitution Ammonia/ primary amine
                                                        • Acyl Chloride (RCOOCl)
                                                          • OR
                                                            • Condensation polymerisation
                                                              • Polymer (RCONHR) bond formed (Peptide linkage)
                                                                • Polyamide
                                                          • Hydrolysis
                                                            • SOCl2
                                                            • Amide (RCONH2)
                                                          • Secondary Amine (R2NH) Heat
                                                          • Polymer (RCONHR) bond formed (Peptide linkage)
                                                            • Polyamide
                                                      • Hydrolysis
                                                        • SOCl2
                                                        • Amide (RCONH2)
                                                      • Secondary Amine (R2NH) Heat
                                          • Primary
                                            • Acidified Na2Cr2O7 Warm
                                              • Reduction LiAlH4
                                            • Polymer (RCOR) bond formed
                                              • Polyester
                                      • Dehydration HBr/Heat
                                        • Nuc Substitution KOH(ethanol/ water)
                                          • Secondary
                                            • Acidified Na2Cr2O7 Reflux
                                              • Ketone (ROR)
                                                • Addition HCN
                                                  • Nitrile (RCN)
                                                    • Reflux K/NACN
                                                      • Dehydration P4O10 catalyst
                                              • Primary
                                                • Acidified Na2Cr2O7 Warm
                                                  • Reduction LiAlH4
                                                • Ester (RCOOR)
                                                  • Fragrant smell
                                                  • Reduction LiAlH4 (Forms 2 alcohols)
                                                    • Esterification Alcohol (HCl lost)
                                                      • Hydrolysis Water
                                                        • Oily appearance when added to water

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