A-Level Geography - Physical - Coastal Management
- Created by: Noah_S
- Created on: 10-11-21 17:10
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- Coastal Management
- Hard Engineering
- Sea Wall
- Dissipates wave energy, like throwing waves back out to sea, and also provides a barrier to flooding
- Easily able to deflect/absorb energy, but expensive to build & maintain
- Groynes
- Built perpendicular to the coast, trapping material transported by LSD which builds up the beach
- Quite cheap to build, but starve beaches further down, leading to increased erosion
- Riprap
- Large boulders dumped in front of a cliff or sea wall, absorbing energy
- Best way to absorb wave energy, but take up a large amount of space and could shift
- Gabions
- Small boulders contained in steel wire-mesh cages, to do the same job as riprap
- Good way to absorb energy, but doesn't look as natural as riprap
- Breakwaters
- Concrete blocks or boulders deposited off the coast, forcing waves to break off-shore
- Reduces wave energy when reaching the shore, but could be damaged in storms
- Sea Wall
- Soft Engineering
- Land use management
- Important for dune regeneration, as marram grass cannot be trampled on, or the dune could erode
- Wooden walkways across dunes and fenced-off areas are created, preserving the area
- Dune regeneration
- Sand dunes are created or restored by nourishment or stabilisation of the sand by marram grass
- Provides a barrier, absorbing energy and preventing flooding
- Creating marshland
- Planting appropriate vegetation like glassworts stabilises sediment, and reduces the speed of the waves
- Reduces the erosive power and how far waves can reach inland, reducing flooding
- Beach norishment
- Sand and shingle are added to beaches from elsewhere, widening the beach
- Reduces erosion of the cliffs protected
- Managed retreat
- Allows breaching of existing defences to let the sea flood behind it, eventually creating a marshland
- Land use management
- Management Strategies
- Options
- Hold the line and maintain the coast
- Advance the line and build new defences further out at sea
- Do nothing and deal with erosion later
- Manage retreat and manage the flooded area
- ICZM
- Stands for Integrated Coastal Zone Management
- Aims to 'allow the use of the Coastal Zone by its stakeholders while ensuring the environment is protected' - European Commission
- Activities, like nature protection, fishing, industry, tourism and population are co-ordinated between parties
- Operating with natural processes and within a cycle of planning, managing and monitoring in a dynamic strategy is key
- Stands for Integrated Coastal Zone Management
- SMPs
- Stands for Shoreline Management Plans, which there are 22 SMPs around the UK
- Linked to sediment cells
- Describes how a stretch of coastline is managed in the next 20, 50 and 100 years
- Represent a holistic approach to management, where locals consider the knock-on affects of an SMP further down the coastline
- Stands for Shoreline Management Plans, which there are 22 SMPs around the UK
- Options
- Hard Engineering
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