A-Level Geography - Physical - Humans on the Coast
- Created by: Noah_S
- Created on: 14-11-21 19:05
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- Global Coast - The Sundarbans
- Opportunities & Risks
- Opportunities
- Goods from Mangroves
- Fuel - Firewood and charcoal
- Food and Drink - Fruits, honey, cooking oil, alcohol and vinegar
- Textiles - Furs/skins and synthetic fibres
- Fishing materials - Floats, poles and herbal poison
- Services from Mangroves
- Protection against floods, cyclones and shoreline erosion
- Provides breeding grounds, fishing grounds, coastal livelihoods and climate controls
- Maintains biodiversity, regulation of ecosystem processes, soil formation & fertility, water catchment and ground water recharge
- Development
- Tourists are attracted by the mangroves and wildlife
- Cargo ships transporting oil and food inland have been allowed to use the waterways, some channels have been dredged
- A power plant has been proposed just north to provide energy to the people
- Goods from Mangroves
- Risks
- Natural
- Coastal flooding from cyclones & storm surges
- High levels of salinity in the soil, killing most plants
- Lack of accessibility
- Human
- Over-exploitation of vulnerable coastal resources
- Pollution and contamination of water by cities, industry and fish farming
- Destruction of mangrove forests from deforestation
- 1m rise in sea level will increase salinity, causing major issues for farming and large-scale migration
- Natural
- Opportunities
- Location
- Physical
- World largest delta, extending over 10,000km^2 of southern Bangladesh and India
- Formed by deposited sediment from the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna
- Natural climatic climax ecosystem are mangrove trees, forests and swamps
- Tidal action is the primary natural process, flowing from north to south due to tidal currents
- Usually static due to slits and clays b being resistant to erosion
- Non-cohesive sediments like sand are washed out of the delta and deposited on banks, forming sand dunes
- Causes finer silts to be deposited, and wave action causes the formation of new islands and mangrove forests
- Land is very flat and low-lying
- Home to rare species of wildlife, including orchids and Royal Bengal tigers
- World largest delta, extending over 10,000km^2 of southern Bangladesh and India
- Human
- Coast of Bangladesh is home to >50 million
- Rural communities consist of fishing or farming
- Rice is usually grown
- Human presence has added pressure onto the area
- Equilibrium of natural processes are very delicate and could be jeopardised
- Physical
- Responses
- Mitigation
- 3500km of embankments were built to prevent flooding
- 800km are vulnerable to being breached
- Coastal management aims to protect mangroves & replant areas
- Unclear how sea level rise will impact
- 3500km of embankments were built to prevent flooding
- Resilience
- Public Health Engineering Department is increasing access to clean water and sanitation
- Improves health and Quality of Life
- Fishing, gathering crustaceans or timber produciton can provice an income of >$12,000/year per hectare
- Mangroves could provide resilience against poverty
- Mangrove forests provide significant shelter against storm hazards
- Density of 30 trees per 0.01 hectares can reduce the force of a tsunami by 90%
- Public Health Engineering Department is increasing access to clean water and sanitation
- Adaption
- Salt-resistant varieties of rice are being grown
- Might reduce biodiversity and increase vulnerability to pests
- Non-intensive farming and ecotourism will help ensure the environment remains undamaged
- Salt-resistant varieties of rice are being grown
- Mitigation
- Opportunities & Risks
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