A-Level Geography - Human - Urban Issues
- Created by: Noah_S
- Created on: 13-02-22 19:19
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- Urban Issues
- North Kensington - London
- Problems
- Average income in the borough is £150,000, but in Notting Dale 1/3 of families earn < £16,000
- North Kensington is the most economically unequal place in the UK
- 2016 - London inequality gap was the same in the 1850s
- Community of Notting Hill and Notting Dale would never mix, creating "us vs them" mentality
- Gentrification caused faculties to cater towards the rich, leaving the poor disadvantaged
- 70% of Notting Dale residents live in social housing
- Grenfell cladding was not wanted by residents, but the council did it anyway for Notting Hill
- Strategies
- Kensington Council has spent £235 million on buying new properties for people affected by Grenfell
- Council committed to spent £30 million on refurbishing Lancaster West Estate in consultation with residents
- From 2016, the London Living Wage was increase to £9.75 per hour, increasing income and social mobility
- Problems
- Rio de Janeiro - Brazil
- Problems
- Favelas (slums) built on marginal land, so they don't have access to city systems
- 57% of buildings in Rocinha are linked to the public sewer
- Favelas infamous for being areas controlled by drug gangs to exploit the people there
- Violence; Complexo de Mare, an unpacified Favela, has 600 out of 100,000 people die of violent deaths
- A warzone has 100 out of 100,000 die of violent deaths
- Poverty; 67% of families in Rocinha have their Head of Households earn < $80 a month
- Favelas (slums) built on marginal land, so they don't have access to city systems
- Strategies
- Some Favelas are pacified, meaning the police (BOPE) have cleaned out the area of drugs
- Complexo de Alemao & Santa Mara (first pacified Favela in 2008)
- Charities like Fight for Peace have set up social programs in Complexo de Mare, and 225 people receive education from the charity
- Complexo de Alemao received government funding to improve services, including a $133 million cable cart system opened in 2011
- Integration of Favelas into the rest of Rio, like the bottom of Rocinha which at one point included a MacDonald's
- Some Favelas are pacified, meaning the police (BOPE) have cleaned out the area of drugs
- Problems
- General Theory
- Economic Inequality
- It's the unequal distribution of money amongst a population
- More present in the developing world, as support is not there for people in poverty
- Causes political and social unrest (riots), rise in crime and health problems (malnutrition)
- Access to basic facilities may be harder
- Social Segregation
- Groups of people are separated due to social & economic reasons in a city (e.g. poor people live in one area)
- Can be voluntary, where people of similar culture stay, like Chinatown in London
- Can be forced, e.g. many Roma people in Italy can't access social housing so end up in camps
- Lack of integration causes prejudice and discrimination
- Segregation can lead to anxiety and have negative impacts on health & quality of life
- Management Strategies
- Improving transport systems can increase accessibility to jobs
- Introducing minimum wages help stabilise wage inequalities
- Subsidies for new companies increase local employment opportunities
- Encouraging political participation of minority groups allows them to influence decision making
- New developments can include luxury or low-cost homes, reducing divisions
- Communities can ease racial tensions by collaborating in projects
- Economic Inequality
- North Kensington - London
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