A-Level Geography - Human - Sustainable Urban Development
- Created by: Noah_S
- Created on: 16-02-22 16:12
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- Sustainable Urban Development
- Case Study - Curitiba, Brazil
- Transport
- Rua da Flores (Street of Flowers) was one of the first blocks pedestrianised in the 1970s, reducing car use
- Expanded to 15 pedestrianised blocks in the 2000s
- Arterial roads (roads leading in/out of the city) changed to have 2 lanes in, 2 lanes out & 2 central lanes for buses
- Introduced triple articulated buses to carry more people, for 200x cheaper than a subway
- Bus system then implemented over 2 years & today it serves 1.3 million passengers (pop of 2 mill)
- Implemented boarding tubes w/ prepaid tickets, made it more convenient than car
- Rua da Flores (Street of Flowers) was one of the first blocks pedestrianised in the 1970s, reducing car use
- Parkland
- Ring of parks introduced around the city, turning marginal land into parks which raised value of properties near them
- Curitiba has 4x the greenspace per person than recommended by the UN
- Parks help mitigate flooding, which is cheaper than channelising the river
- Would have costed a school per 100 metres if used concrete
- Urban shepherds use sheep to mow grass, saving money + providing jobs
- Ring of parks introduced around the city, turning marginal land into parks which raised value of properties near them
- Favelas
- Jamie Lerner came up with 'equation of co-responsibility', which pays poor people in healthy food for clearing their favelas
- People moved from favelas are placed into new houses designed by them
- Given low interest loans to own the land as well
- Transport
- Case Study - Freiburg, Germany
- Energy
- Receives the most sunlight out of any European city, so encourages the usage of solar panels
- Freiburg City Hall, built in 2017, generates more electricity than it uses from solar panels
- 75% of energy consumption in a normal building comes from heating/cooling, so insulation helps reduce this
- Heliotrope is a building that rotates to face towards (letting warmth in during the winter) or away (cooling during the summer) the sun
- Receives the most sunlight out of any European city, so encourages the usage of solar panels
- Transport
- 80% of people walk/bike in the city, compared to 20% by car
- Encouraged by the 30kph speed limit (usual is 50kph)
- ***, the largest transport company in the city, has 74 trams to be used in Freiburn
- Has 80 million passenger journeys a year, and 220,000 a day (same as population)
- 80% of people walk/bike in the city, compared to 20% by car
- Vauban
- Suburb in Freiburg with population of 6000
- Car free suburb, so residents use bicycles for transport
- Has 17 cars per 100 people, 57 is the national average
- Has the sun ship, the first office to run entirely off solar in the world
- Vauban generates more energy than it consumes
- Energy
- General Theory
- Ecological Footprint
- It is the amount of land that is needed to produce everything a community uses and absorb its waste
- London's ecological footprint is 120x the area of the conurbation itself
- Tokyo's ecological footprint is 3x the area of Japan
- Consumption & Waste production is higher in richer cities
- Compact cities are easier to travel on foot/bike, so produce less pollution
- Efficient public transport decreases car use, reducing pollution
- It is the amount of land that is needed to produce everything a community uses and absorb its waste
- Sustainable Features
- Natural
- Cities rely on renewable energy, produce little waste & reuse/recycle
- People walk, cycle and use public transport, producing less pollution
- Physical
- Cities provide enough resources to support & let the population be productive
- Includes plentiful high quality housing & secure supplies
- Social
- Cities offer good living conditions or all, with access to basic services
- Socially sustainable cities are peaceful, tolerant, respect human rights & politically stable
- Economic
- Maintaining economic growth without causing long-term negative effects
- Cities are wealthy, with low levels of inequality and little debt
- Natural
- Ecological Footprint
- Case Study - Curitiba, Brazil
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