A-Level Geography - Human - Global Systems

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  • Created by: Noah_S
  • Created on: 06-04-22 14:08
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  • Global Systems
    • Flows of money
      • Can include remittances, foreign aid, foreign direct investment and trade
      • Money flows from developed countries to less developed countries
        • Governments and companies from developed countries may invest in infrastructure in less developed countries
      • Money can bring benefits like FDI allowing foreign countries cheap access resources while host countries get foreign expertise
      • Foreign aid can create dependency, which may make governments not improve; FDI can force out local businesses
        • Chinese chicken farmers in Lusaka made local Zambians lost 90% of their demand
      • Companies may pressure governments of less developed countries to pass laws that make it cheaper to invest there, which may harm the environment or working conditions
    • Flows of ideas and technology
      • Ideas
        • 1980s saw developed countries incorporated neo-liberalism, removing trade barriers and cutting spending
        • Neo-liberal ideas increased free trade, leaving to more development and less conflict between some countries
        • Before 1980s, governments provided welfare for their citizens and controlled imports
        • Neo-liberal ideas may concentrate wealth in the hands of a few, like businesses in developed countries
        • Governments and TNCs may justify poor working conditions due to free trade and privatisation
      • Technology
        • Technology flows from developed countries to less developed countries
        • Concentration of technology can lead to rapid innovation
          • Silicon Valley developed innovations in communications and healthcare
        • Developed countries can afford the latest tech, less developed countries cant, which gives advantage to developed countries
          • In 2016, 97% of the Netherlands' citizens had access to the Internet, compared to 20% in Myanmar
        • Repressive governments of less developed countries have used tech from other countries to cause conflict
          • China uses the "Great Firewall" to use online censorship to block access to foreign websites that might be against their government
    • Flows of people
      • People tend to move from countries where there are few jobs (LICs) to countries that there are more jobs (HICs)
      • It is easier for people from HICs to migrate than people from LICs
        • In 2017, a UK passport can get you to 173 countries without a visa, an Afghanistan passport has 24 countries
      • Can bring benefits - immigrants can create economic growth as they can do jobs that a population can't/doesn't want to do
      • Many migrants bring money back to their country, which is called remittance
        • Can increase the amount of capital flowing into less developed countries, creating economic growth
      • Less developed countries can suffer from 'brain drain', where the skilled population migrates, increasing inequality
      • Migrant workers may work in dangerous conditions or little money
        • In Qatar, several thousand migrants died in building facilities for the 2022 FIFA world cup

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