4. The Inter War Years for Native American civil rights
- Created by: Alasdair
- Created on: 06-06-17 10:40
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- 4. The Inter War Years for Native American civil rights
- Witnessed number of changes in position of NAs
- Most notable developments during period of Roosevelt's New Deal in 1930s
- Granting of citizenship
- Improvements in quality of lives brought
- Must always be remembered
- Many improvements only in eyes of federal gov
- Not from viewpoint of NAs
- Particularly true when considering granting citizenship
- Citizenship
- NAs not particularly interested in gaining citizenship and right to vote
- Many already had right through Dawes Act
- Extension of right to those living on reservations not intended to increase political involvement but to increase speed of assimilation
- Gov simply continued process started in 19th century
- Appeared to NAs nothing had changed
- NAs had not regained either sovereignty or nationhood
- Devastating impact of reservation policy had become clearly evident
- Lands had further been reduced
- Devastating impact of reservation policy had become clearly evident
- Dance Order
- Further attack on NAs culture
- Banned them from practicing some of traditional dance
- Continuation of allotment policy
- Saw continued reductions in amount of land available to NAs
- Only added to their poverty
- Events can be contrasted with development of New Deal period
- Saw improvements in NAs's position
- Although many benefits abandoned in period immediately after WW2
- Central: passing of Indian Reorganization (Wheeler-Howard) Act of 1934
- First move to preserve NAs's culture
- Involved them in administration of reservations
- Terms of Act gave NAs:
- Right to practice their religion
- Right to undertake ceremonial dances and celebrations, thus reversing a law of 1883
- Ability to prevent sale of NA lands to individual buyers
- Extension of political rights to women
- Act also improvement conditions on reservations as agencies of New Deal built schools and hospitals
- Also encouraged women to take on greater economic role and take up higher education
- Most importantly, ended allotment policy
- Did not end policy of assimilation
- Would be achieved through reforms and belief NAs would recognise benefits of American way of life
- Although some improvement, it did not lead to tribes becoming independent or self-sufficient
- Lands that should have been returned under Act were not given back
- Much funding supposed to improve conditions on reservations was transferred to war effort once USA became involved with WW2 in 1941
- Period up to 1945 saw, at best, a limited improvement in conditions of NAs
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