1.7 Tectonic Hazards

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  • 1.7: Trends and Patterns for Tectonic Disasters
    • 1.7A
      • Since 1960
        • Economic cost of disasters has increased (because global wealth has increased)
        • Number of people affected has increased because of a larger population
        • Number of deaths has decreased because of improved healthcare
          • But there are spikes with mega-events
        • Number of recorded hazards has increased
        • Number of disasters is falling
      • However, these trends/patterns may not be 100% accurate/reliable
        • Why?
          • Different definitions of disaster
          • Do primary/secondary deaths count?
          • Disasters in remote places are often under recorded
          • Deaths may be understated due to political bias e.g. Myanmar 2004
          • Data difficult to collect e.g.  in densely populated areas
          • Time-trend analysis
    • 1.7B
      • Tectonic disasters can have regional and global economic and human impacts
        • E.g. the E-15 eruption impacted Kenya and Greece due to tourism/production interruptions
        • E.g. the 2004 Asian tsunami impacted multiple countries
        • E.g. 2011 Japan tsunami led to the breakdown of the Fukishima nuclear power plant and the closing of other nuclear plants
          • This impacted Japan's energy policy, and meant they had to import energy supplies from other countries.
          • 2011 Tsunami -5% GDP, this impacted TNCs
            • Think GPN
        • Mega disaster: large scale impact, difficult to manage, international support required
    • 1.7C
      • Multiple-hazard zone
        • When hazards combine to create an increased risk for a country
        • The Philippines is a multiple-hazard zone
          • E.g. it is in the typhoon belt
            • Means that it is vulnerable to hydrometeorological hazards
              • This can contribute to a tectonic disaster as it can exacerbate the secondary impacts of a natural hazard
                • E.g. Typhoon Haiyan
                • E.g. could exacerbate liquefaction from an earthquake
          • It lies on the ring of fire so is vulnerable to violent, common volcanoes
            • E.g. Pinatubo
          • It is also vulnerable to earthquakes as it lies on a convergent plate boundary
  • Megacities/urban areas are zones of multiple hazard risk
    • Poor quality housing

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