Chemical messengers which travel in the blood to activate target cells
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Whats the difference between nerves and hormones?
Nerves have a very fast action and act for a very short time. However, hormones have a slower action and act for a longer time.
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What is the menstrual cycle?
The monthly release of an egg from a woman's ovaries
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What does the FSH hormone do?
It causes an egg to mature in the ovary and it stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen
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What does the LH hormone do?
It stimulates the release of an egg at around the middle of the menstrual cycle
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What are the advantages of a vaccination?
They help control lots of infectious diseases that were once common e.g measles. It also prevents big outbreaks.
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What are the disadvantages of a vaccination?
They don't always work and you can have bad reactions such as swelling
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What does a vaccination protect?
Future infections
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If someones diet is badly out of balance, they are...
Malnourished (fat or thin)
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What can reflexes reduce?
The chances of being injured
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Describe stage 1 of the menstrual cycle
The uterus lining breaks down for about 4 days
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Describe stage 2 of the menstrual cycle
The lining builds up again from day 4 to 14 into a thick layer full of blood vessels
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Describe stage 3 of the menstrual cycle
An egg is released from the ovary at day 14
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Describe stage 4 of the menstrual cycle
The wall is then maintained for about 14 days, until day 28. If no ferilised egg has landed on the uterus wall, the lining breaks down and the cycle starts again.
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What are the advantages of the oestrogen pill?
It's 99% effective at preventing pregnancy and it reduces the risk of getting cancer.
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What are the disadvantages of the oestrogen pill?
It isn't 100%, it can cause side effects like headaches and it doesn't protect against STD's
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What can oestrogen be used to prevent?
The release of an egg
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What does hormones and progesterone reduce?
Fertility
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What is the advantage of injecting FSH and LH to stimulate egg release?
It helps women to get pregnant when previoulsy they couldn't
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What are the disadvantages of injecting FSH and LH to stimulate egg release?
It doesn't always work - expensive to do it again. Too many eggs could be stimulated - Multiple pregnancies (Twins)
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What does IVF involve?
Collects eggs from the woman's ovaries and fertilises them in a lab with male sperm. They are then grown into embryos.
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What is the advantage of using IVF?
It can give an infertile couple a child.
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What are the disadvantages of using IVF?
Women can have a strong reaction to the hormones e.g... vomiting. And, it can cause multiple births
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