Web Applications

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Internet: The internet is a global communications system linking computers in geographically separate locations through the use of a variety of telecommunications e.g. telephone lines, satellites.
It allows for fast communications between computers or other devices, the transfer of data between computers and the distribution of information.
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World Wide Web: The WWW is a collection of informantion that has grown up on computer connected to the internet. This information is held in multimedia form and is stored in locations called websites in the form of web pages.
The process of searching the web for information and following links to other information is known as surfing.
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Universal Resource Locator (URL): A URL is a unique address (recognised method) for referring to resources on the internet. Even though most internet resources are accessed by clicking on the hyperlinks and it is rarely necessary to type the URL full
Most browsers have defaults for portions of the URL. If the protocol is omitted, http:// is assumed, as this is the commonest protocol. If a filename is omitted index.htm is normally assumed.
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IP Address: Each computer linked to the internet has a physical address, a number called an IP Address. The IP Address uniquely identifies the physical computer linked to the internet.
The domain name server converts the domain name into its corresponding IP Address.
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Web browser: A web browser is the application running on a user's computer that is responisble for requesting the text and graphics of webpages from servers on the internet, and assembling them for display. The commonest browser is Internet Explorer.
Most browsers allow the user to save the page address of sites they intend to visit often, as a bookmark or favourite. These sites can then be accessed by selecting from the list of bookmarks rather than typing in the full URL.
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Web Server: A web server provides internet pages for other computers through the internet.
It often provides the cache of web pages which are pages stored when first accessed so they can be supplied later without the delay of accessing the internet.
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Web Hosting: A web hosting service is a type of internt hosting service that allows individuals and organisations to make their website accessible via the world wide web. Web hosts are companies that provide space on a server or leased for use.
Web hosts can also provide data center space and connectivity, typically in a data center. Web hosts can also provide data center space and connectivity to the internet for other services located in their data center.
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FTP (File Transfer Protocol): FTP is the commonest protocol for the movement of files across the internet. Users can access a server holding the required file and request that it will be downloaded to them;
Alternatively a user can send a file to a server that will accept uploads- it is in this way that most personal web pages are delievered to the web server where they are stored.
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ISP (Internet Service Provider): An organisation that has deirect links to the interntet and accepts transmissions from users over dial-up or broadband connections, and passes these onto the internet.
Most individual users if the internet access through any one of a number of commercial internet service provisers. e.g. sky, BT, EE
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Search Engine: A search engine is an application accessed over the internet that maintains the indexes of webpages. Users wanting information on a particular topic will access the search engine using the internet and submit a topic or a list of topic
The search engine will compare this list with the pages in its index and generate a page of hyperlinks that the user can click, to go to the most relevent webpages.
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Cache: A cache is a store of recently accessed web pages and the images they contain, kept by a browser. Because transmitting more information than is strictly necessary over the internet is inefficinent.
If a user revisits a page that is already stored in the cache, it can be loaded from the local copy, without needing to access the internet. Further, as commerical website frequently repeat the same information on different pages.
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Cookies: Cookies are small files places on the haed drive of a users computer by a website that he or she has visited. On a subsequent visit to the same site, the cookie detected and the site knows that the user has visited before.
Personal information that they have already entered need not be requested again, and the owner of the site can build up a picture of what the user sees on repeated visits.
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Portal: A portal is a website designed to be the one that a user will want to visit first when accessing the web. There are obvious commerical advantages for a portal in attracting as many users as possible, because they can sell advertising on site.
To be useful to the individual, the site must offer services that the user needs regularly, such as search facilities, news updates and so on.
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Website: A website is a collection of webpages at the same domain, often with a common theme and usually maintained by a single individual or organisation.
The user moves between pages by clicking on hyperlinks. This causes a new page to be loaded, or parts of the existing page to be refreshed with new information.
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Webpage: A webpage is a 'document' accessed in a browser. It will generally contain text and graphics and may well contain audio or video.
Aside from text these elements are not stored on the webpage itself, but are loaded into the page by the user's browser from the location specified by a URI contained in the page. For large files, such as video and audio material, streaming used.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The process of searching the web for information and following links to other information is known as surfing.

Back

World Wide Web: The WWW is a collection of informantion that has grown up on computer connected to the internet. This information is held in multimedia form and is stored in locations called websites in the form of web pages.

Card 3

Front

Most browsers have defaults for portions of the URL. If the protocol is omitted, http:// is assumed, as this is the commonest protocol. If a filename is omitted index.htm is normally assumed.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

The domain name server converts the domain name into its corresponding IP Address.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Most browsers allow the user to save the page address of sites they intend to visit often, as a bookmark or favourite. These sites can then be accessed by selecting from the list of bookmarks rather than typing in the full URL.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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