synthesised by most animals, absorbed by a specific energy dependent transport system, passive transport if intakes high, decrease absorption if intake high, excess excreted, not stored
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ascorbic acid
reduced form vitamin C
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dehydroascorbic acid
oxidised form vitamin c
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vitamin C functions
water soluble intracellular and extracellular antioxidant strong reducing agent, donates electrons to help reverse oxidation, maintains intercellular substances, coverts fe3+ to fe2+ absorption, involved in adrenal cortex and stress, involved in lipid met
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RNI requirements of vitamin C
over 15 yrs =40mg
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deficiency of vitamin C
scurvy= swelling/bleeding of gums, sick, easily bruised, poor wound healing, pain/swelling of joints, hair/toothloss
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sources of vitamin C
citrus fruits, berries, kiwi, fruit juice, raw/salad vegetables, tomatoes, peppers
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vitamin B1/ thiamine
coenzyme, thiamine pyrophosphate energy pathways
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vitamin B2, riboflavin
FMN, FAD energy pathways
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vitamin B3, niacin
NAD energy pathways
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vitamin B5/ pantothenic acid
lipid, CHO metabolism, steroid synthesis
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vitamin B6/ pyridoxine
amino acid processing
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vitamin B12
cobalamin, new cell production
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vitamin B9
folate - new cell production
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vitamin B8 - biotin
cofactor, fatty acid metabolism
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b vitamins
act as cofactors in different enzymes, cell metabolism
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B1 requirements
male=1mg female=0.8mg
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thiamin deficiency
beri-beri, rash, weakness, loss of reflexes, oedema, heart failure
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riboflavin deficiency
angula stomatitis, glossitis, magenta tongue
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niacin deficiency-
pellagra, diarrhoea, dermatitis, dementia
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vitamin B6 deficiency
convulsions= infants, rare
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vitamin B12 deficiency
megaloblastic anaemia, large pale red blood cells, irreversible nerve damage
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