Give examples of when cell to cell communication goes wrong.
Losing signal, signal doesnt reach target, target ignores signal, too much signal, multiple breakdowns
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What are the main principles of cell signalling?
arrival of signal, perception of signal by receptor, transmission of signal by receptor to the cell, passing on the message, arrival of message and response by the cell.
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What is direct communication?
through gap junction or through recognition of surface markers
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What is indirect communication?
through chemical signals.
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What are the main principles in indirect communication?
source cell produces messenger, transported to target, messenger binds to receptor, triggers target cell response
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What are chemical messengers?
substances which have signaling functions. e.g. Ligand- chemical messenger
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What are the types of indirect solubility?
Endocrine, Paracrine, Autocrine and Synaptic
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What is a paracrine messenger?
chemical that serves to signal a nearby cell
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What is an autocrine messenger?
A chemical that signals the same cell that has secreted it. the source and target are the same.
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Discuss lipophobic ligands
they are water soluble, dont easily cross the membrane, have receptors on the cell membrane. there is a general action of target response e.g. enzyme activation or membrane permeability changes
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Discuss lipophilic ligands
they are lipid soluble and easily cross the cell membrane. they have a receptor within the cell and the general action of the target response is via gene activation
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Discuss amino acid derived messengers
lipophobic (except thyroid hormones), have target receptors on cell membrane, made or derived from an amino acid
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Discuss peptide and protein messengers
most abundant type of ligand. lipophobic, target receptors on the cell membrane, made of chains of amino acids e.g. insulin
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Discuss steroid ligands
lipophilic, have intracellular target receptors, derived from cholesterol. function as hormones
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Discuss eicosanoid ligands
lipophilic, intracellular target receptors. derived from arachidonic acids. involved in paracrine signalling
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What are the two types of messenger transport?
diffusion through interstitial fluid and blood borne transport
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When does messenger transport diffusion through interstitial fluid occur?
when source and target are close, ligand quickly degraded
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When does blood borne transport of messenger occur?
source and target at distance, lipophobic ligands dissolve in the plasma, lipophilic ligands bind to carrier proteins
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are the main principles of cell signalling?
Back
arrival of signal, perception of signal by receptor, transmission of signal by receptor to the cell, passing on the message, arrival of message and response by the cell.
Card 3
Front
What is direct communication?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is indirect communication?
Back
Card 5
Front
What are the main principles in indirect communication?
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