Walker Cards 1.1

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Myogenic
The capacity of the heart to generate its own impulses.
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Sinoatrial Node (SAN)
Small mass of cardiac muscle found in wall of the right atrium that will generate the heartbeat (Peacemaker).
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Atrioventricular Node (AVN)
Relays the impulses between the upper and lower sections of the heart.
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Systole
When the heart contracts.
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Bundle of His
Heart muscle cells that transmit electrical impulses from AVN.
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Purkinje Fibres
Muscle fibres that conduct impulses in the walls of the ventricles.
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Memory tool: Conusction system
Sally Always Aims Balls Past Vicky
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Sympathetic System
Part of the autonomic nervous system that speeds up heart rate.
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Parasympathetic System
Part of the autonomic system that decreases heart rate .
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Medulla Oblangata
Part of the brain that regulates processes that keeps us alive like breathing and heart rate.
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Baroreceptors
Special sensors in the aortic arch that detects changes in the blood pressure, decrease in heart rate.
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Chemoreceptors
Tiny structures in the aortic arch that detect changes in the blood acidity caused by a + or - in CO2.
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Proprioceptors
Sensory nerve endings in the muscles, in joints and tendons that detect changes in muscle movement.
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Adrenaline
Stress hormone that is released by the sympathetic nerves during exercise, increase in heart rate.
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Stroke Volume
The volume of blood pumped out by the heart ventricles in each contraction.
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Diastole Phase
When the heart relaxes to fill with blood.
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Ejection Fraction
Percentage of blood pumped out of the left ventricle.
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Cardiac Output
The volume of blood pumped out by the ventricles per minute.
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Cardiac Hypertrophy
Thickening of the muscular walls of the heart to make it bigger and stronger for larger ventricular cavity.
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Bradycardia
A decrease in resting heart rate to below 60 beats per minute.
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Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)
Transport cholesterol to the tissues
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High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)
Transport excess cholesterol in the blood back to the liver where it is broken down.
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Stroke
Occurs when blood supply to the brain is cut off.
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Steady State
Athlete is able to meet oxygen demand with the oxygen supply.
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Memory Tool: Cardiovascular Drift
Occurs during exercise - heart rate increases - stroke volume decreases - fluid lost due to sweating - reduced plasma volume - reduced venous return - cardiac output increases energy.
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Pulmonary (Vascular System)
Deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and oxygenated blood back to the heart.
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Systemic (Vascular System)
Oxygenated blood to the body from the heart and then a return of deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart.
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Memory Tool: Blood return to the heart
Heart - Arteries - Arterioles - Capillaries - Venules - Venis - Heart.
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Blood Pressure
The force exerted by the wall blood against the blood vessel wall
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Blood Pressure Force
Blood Flow x Resistance
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Systolic Pressure
Pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are contracting.
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Diastolic Pressure
Pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are relaxing.
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Venous Return
Return of the blood to the right side of the heart via the vena cava.
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Plasma
The fluid part of the blood that surrounds the blood cells and transport them.
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Haemoglobin
Iron-containing pigment found in red blood cells, combination of oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin.
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Myoglobin
Iron-containing muscle pigment in slow twitch muscle fibres, higher affinity for oxygen than haemoglobin.
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Mitochondria
'Powerhouse' of the cells as respiration and energy production production occur there.
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Bohr Shift
Increase in blood carbon dioxide and a decrease in pH results in a reduction of the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen.
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pH
Measure of acidity , range goes from 1-14 below 7 is acidity.
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Vasodilation
Widening of the blood vessels to increase the flow of the blood into the capillaries.
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Vasocontrustion
Narrowing of the blood vessels to reduce blood flow into capillaries.
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Arterio-Venous Difference
Difference between the oxygen content of the arterial blood arriving at the muscle and the venous blood leaving the muscles.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Sinoatrial Node (SAN)

Back

Small mass of cardiac muscle found in wall of the right atrium that will generate the heartbeat (Peacemaker).

Card 3

Front

Atrioventricular Node (AVN)

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Systole

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Bundle of His

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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