b1.6 Variation and reproduction
0.0 / 5
- Created by: Lauragreeen
- Created on: 10-04-17 09:27
What is a gamete?
A sex cell
1 of 29
Where is genetic information carried and how is it passed on through generations?
In the nucleus, passed down by reproduction
2 of 29
What are chromosomes made of?
DNA
3 of 29
What shape is DNA?
Double helix
4 of 29
How many chromosomes do humans have?
46
5 of 29
Why is it said that chromosomes come in pairs?
1/2 from your mother and half from your father makes 23 pairs
6 of 29
What are the units of inheritance?
Genes
7 of 29
How do genes control development and your characteristics?
By controlling all the different enzymes and other proteins made in your body
8 of 29
How many parents are involved in asexual reproduction and what are the offspring of it called?
One - there is no variety so it produces clones
9 of 29
When might body cells reproduce asexually?
For growth/repair
10 of 29
What organisms commonly reproduce asexually?
Small plants and animals, bacteria
11 of 29
How many parents are involved in sexual reproduction and how does this introduce variety?
2 - you get some characteristics from both parents
12 of 29
What are the gametes called in plants?
Ovules and pollen
13 of 29
What are the gametes called in animals?
Ova (eggs) and sperm
14 of 29
Why is variety so important?
It makes it more likely that some offspring will have the ability to survive difficult conditions
15 of 29
Why are identical twins so similar?
They come from the same fertilised egg
16 of 29
What 3 factors determine what your characteristics are?
Genetic, environmental and combined variety
17 of 29
How can gardeners produce clones of their plants?
Cuttings - take a small piece of a plant and put it in the right conditions (moist) and new roots and shoots will form
18 of 29
How can you produce thousands of clones of one plant very quickly?
Tissue culture - using cells to grow whole new plants
19 of 29
How can cloning help farmers produce more high quality calves?
Clone embryos from the best cows
20 of 29
Give 2 ways in which you can collect fertilised cow eggs?
Fertilise inside and wash out embryos, or collect eggs then IVF
21 of 29
Describe the process of cloning cattle embryos
Divide embryos into individual cells --> each cell grows into an identical embryo in a lab --> put embryos in host mums --> identical cloned calves are born
22 of 29
What is adult cell cloning?
When a whole new animal is produced from the cell of another animal
23 of 29
Describe the process of adult cell cloning
Nucleus is removed from an unfertilised egg cell. Nucleus taken from an adult body cell of the same species and inserted into the egg cell. The new cell is given a tiny electric shock so it starts dividing and inserted into a womb to cont. developing
24 of 29
What is genetic engineering?
Changing the genetic material of an organism
25 of 29
Explain how gene engineering can be used to reproduce a human protein
Genes from a human chromosome can be cut out using a special enzyme & transferred to a bacterium which carries on making the human protein
26 of 29
What is human engineering?
Putting healthy genes into affected cells
27 of 29
What are 3 problems that could arise from genetic engineering?
Insects becoming resistant to pesticides; genes form GM plants/animals spreading to the countryside; people using human engineering to make 'designer' babies
28 of 29
What are the problems of cloning pets?
Difficult; expensive; many attempts needed; clone may look different to original; there are cats in shelters
29 of 29
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Where is genetic information carried and how is it passed on through generations?
Back
In the nucleus, passed down by reproduction
Card 3
Front
What are chromosomes made of?
Back
Card 4
Front
What shape is DNA?
Back
Card 5
Front
How many chromosomes do humans have?
Back
Related discussions on The Student Room
- biology »
- Succession/variation bio aqa »
- 25 mark essay question »
- Eduqas A-Level Biology Component 2 [16th June 2023] Exam Chat »
- Advanced Higher Biology Project Ideas »
- OCR A- Level Biology 2023 »
- Urgent LNAT essay feedback »
- Career in reproductive/sexual health »
- A question for straight men »
- Imperial College London Reproductive & Developmental Biology MSc »
Similar Biology resources:
3.0 / 5 based on 2 ratings
1.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
3.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
1.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
Comments
No comments have yet been made