Utilitarianism
- Created by: TheNerdxP
- Created on: 30-10-17 19:54
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Clues
- A judgement regarding whether something is good or bad in some way. (5, 9)
- Accountability for the actions one performs and the consequences they bring about, for which a moral agent can be justly praised or blamed. Moral responsibility is commonly held to require the agent's freedom to have done otherwise. (5, 14)
- Basic or foundational propositions in an area of knowledge or theory that are not deducible from other propositions. (5, 10)
- In Bentham's ethics, the means of calculating pleasures and pains caused by an action and adding them up on a single scale. The total amount of happiness produced is the sum total of everyone's pleasures minus the sum total of everyone's pains. (9, 8)
- In Mill, moral 'rules of thumb' that, if followed, generally produce happiness, e.g. 'tell the truth'. Mill argues that we have learned secondary principles through human history, through trial and error. (9, 10)
- Properties that physical objects have that are 'nothing but powers to produce various sensations in us' (Locke). Locke lists 'colours, sounds, tastes, and so on', later adding smells and temperature. (9, 7)
- The theory that actions are morally right or wrong depending on their consequences and nothing else. An act is right if it maximises what is good. (3, 16)
- The theory that only happiness is good, and the right act (or rule) is that act (or rule) that maximises happiness. (14)
- The theory that only happiness is good, and the right act is that act that complies with those rules which, if everybody followed them, would lead to the greatest happiness (compared to any other set of rules). (4, 14)
- The theory that only happiness is good, and the right act is that act that maximises happiness. Hedonist act utilitarianism understands happiness in terms of the balance of pleasure over pain. (3, 14)
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