Air in
Diaphragm- contracts=flattens
external intercostal muscles-contract-up and out (ribs)
internal intercostal muscles-relax
pressure-low
airflow-gets such in
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when you exhale
Air out
Diaphragm- contracts=flattens
external intercostal muscles-relax
internal intercostal muscles-contract- down and in (ribs)
pressure-high
air flow-blown out
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what happens in gaseous exchange
O2- in (create energy)
CO2-out (fatigue)
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what is the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
Low concentration of oxygen- partial pressure is low
High concentration of carbon dioxide- partial pressure is high
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what is the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs
high concentration of oxygen-partial pressure is high
low concentration of carbon dioxide- partial pressure is low
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what is diffusion
it is the movement of air from the alveoli to the capillaries
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what is tidal volume
volume is the amount of air breathed in/out in one breath-increases during exercise
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what is vital capacity
maximum inspiration followed by the maximum expiration of 4.8 litres
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what is residual volume
it is the air left over from maximum exhale 1.2 litres
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what is total lung volume
the maximum amount of air in the lungs (vital capacity + residual volume)
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what is minute ventilation
amount of air taken in and out of the lungs in 1 minute- tidal volume x heart rate
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what things control our breathing
Is controlled by the medulla oblongata is the neural control
Chemical control- chemoreceptors sense changes in carbon dioxide and pH
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what happens when you start to exercise
Muscles produce energy
Increase in CO2/ decrease in pH
This is detected by the chemoreceptors
Chemoreceptors send a message to the medulla oblongata to increase the breathing rate
Send nerves impulses to the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles to spee
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what happens to breathing when you stop exercising
Decrease in CO2/ increase in pH
This is detected by the chemoreceptors
Chemoreceptors send a message to the medulla oblongata to decrease the breathing rate
Send nerves impulses to the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles to slow down contractions which
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what are some respiratory adaptations
Improved respiratory muscle strength= Improved vital capacity
Hypertrophy of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles- bigger breath increased diffusion rate of O2 and CO2
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what are some additional factors affecting the respiratory system
altitude training- build more red blood cells
asthma-this is where your bronchioles close up
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