Unilateral Neglect
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- Created by: Yasmetron
- Created on: 07-03-23 17:13
What is the case study of B.Q.?
tried to draw a clock, they managed to draw the whole circle however only put the number and hands on the right side of the clock. drawing a full circle could be due to the fact that this a fixed motor response.
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define unilateral neglect
following right hemisphere brain damage, to the parietal lobe, a patient without impairment of intellectual functioning appears to ignore, forget or turn away from the left side of space, as if that half of the world has ceased to exist
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what did Brain (1941)
When asked to describe how she would find her way from the tube station to her flat she described this in detail and correctly and apparently visualising the landmarks, but she consistently said right instead of left for the turnings except on one occasio
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define contralesional
opposite side to brain damage
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define lpsilesional
same side as brain damage
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define hemianopia
a visual field defect
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define extinction
patients do not report left-hand stimulus when it is paired with a right-hand stimulus. Sometimes regarded as being a mild form of neglect – more accurately considered as a separate but related disorder. Not just visual modality, tactile and even cross mo
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give an example of extinction
An example of this is when putting two fingers down together, a patient with extinction will say that only the right finger has gone down and not the left as well. However, they can see if just the left goes down but can’t process when both go down togeth
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give examples of everyday neglect
• Eat food on the high hand side of the plate only
• Dress only the right side of own body
• Shave the right side of their own face
• Deviate to right and may even go around in a circle
• Dress only the right side of own body
• Shave the right side of their own face
• Deviate to right and may even go around in a circle
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Name four clinical tests of neglect
- drawing
- line bisection
- cancellation tasks
- reading
- line bisection
- cancellation tasks
- reading
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What is the main cause to neglect and where does it occur?
strokes
most commpnly observed in humans to the right hemisphere. Patients often have left-sided paralysis (hemiplegia)
most commpnly observed in humans to the right hemisphere. Patients often have left-sided paralysis (hemiplegia)
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what is the associative cortex?
‘Associative’ cortex’ - neither strictly sensory nor motor. Combines inputs from somatosensory, auditory, visual, motor, cingulate and prefrontal cortices, and integrates proprioceptive and vestibular signals from subcortical areas.
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What is anosognia?
a symptom of severe mental illness experienced by some that impairs a person's ability to understand and perceive his or her illness.
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what is the 'what' pathway?
ventral stream
object recognition
object recognition
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what is the 'where' pathway
dorsal stream
spatial perception and action
spatial perception and action
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what did Bisiach and Luzzatti (1978) study and find?
Two patients in hospital asked to describe a familiar scene (Cathedral Square in Milan) from memory
Reported landmarks on right not those on left from both imaginary viewing positions
Failure to construct a representation of left space
Reported landmarks on right not those on left from both imaginary viewing positions
Failure to construct a representation of left space
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what did Volpe et al., (1979) study and find?
Five patients with left extinction
Pictures in left and right visual field (brief 150 m.s.)
Asked to make Same/different judgments
• Same/Different judgements: 88-100% correct
• Left-side (LVF) naming - 0-49% correct
Pictures in left and right visual field (brief 150 m.s.)
Asked to make Same/different judgments
• Same/Different judgements: 88-100% correct
• Left-side (LVF) naming - 0-49% correct
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what are the dissociations in neglect?
1. Spatial versus object-based neglect
2. For near or far space
3. Perceptual or motor forms
2. For near or far space
3. Perceptual or motor forms
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what is spatial neglect?
• Neglect reflected in eye movement behaviour
• Scenes chosen to guide (top-down) active search of left side
• Eye movement scan paths
• Failure to scan left side of a scene (spatial neglect)
• Scenes chosen to guide (top-down) active search of left side
• Eye movement scan paths
• Failure to scan left side of a scene (spatial neglect)
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what is object based neglect?
Some patients neglect left sides of objects but not the left side of space (scene)
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what is motor neglect?
• Maintain fixation on central light, then reach towards whichever peripheral light turned green (left in each figure)
o central start position. Responses to the left target were initiated very slowly
o extreme left start position. Responses to the left
o central start position. Responses to the left target were initiated very slowly
o extreme left start position. Responses to the left
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What is the representational model of neglect?
Bisiach and Luzzatti (1978)
• Neglect reflects a failure to construct a neural representation of the external environment
• Damage to one hemisphere assumed to impair the representation of the opposite side
• Neglect could reflect a failure to construct
• Neglect reflects a failure to construct a neural representation of the external environment
• Damage to one hemisphere assumed to impair the representation of the opposite side
• Neglect could reflect a failure to construct
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What is the attentional model of neglect?
• Kinbourne, (1970) – each hemisphere controls attentional orienting in contraversive direction, left hemi = rightward orienting, right hemi = leftward orientating
• Neglect reflects a failure to orient covert attention
• Neglect reflects a failure to orient covert attention
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What is the promotor model?
• Attention involved in selection of an object for action
• Combined neural activity in this neural circuit form representations for the control of goal-directed action
• Damage produces loss of awareness, and the attentional deficits are a secondary co
• Combined neural activity in this neural circuit form representations for the control of goal-directed action
• Damage produces loss of awareness, and the attentional deficits are a secondary co
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What are the three separate regions of space?
Personal - own body space
Peripersonal – area around upper body within reaching distance
Extrapersonal – beyond reaching distance
Peripersonal – area around upper body within reaching distance
Extrapersonal – beyond reaching distance
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What are the neural circuits?
• Personal and peripersonal - premotor cortex and inferior parietal cortex
• Extrapersonal – frontal eye fields and parietal
• Extrapersonal – frontal eye fields and parietal
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What are the rehabilitation behavioural interventions?
• Scan training - Weinberg et al. (1977)
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What are the rehabilitation temporary interventions?
• Caloric stimulation - vestibular stimulation
• TMS – rTMS over left hemisphere
• Limb activation – making left lib movements
• Phasic alerting – non-spatial warning tone
• Pharmacological - Guanfacine modulates activity in dorsolateral prefrontal co
• TMS – rTMS over left hemisphere
• Limb activation – making left lib movements
• Phasic alerting – non-spatial warning tone
• Pharmacological - Guanfacine modulates activity in dorsolateral prefrontal co
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what is limb activation?
making left lib movements
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what is phasic alerting?
non-spatial warming tone
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
define unilateral neglect
Back
following right hemisphere brain damage, to the parietal lobe, a patient without impairment of intellectual functioning appears to ignore, forget or turn away from the left side of space, as if that half of the world has ceased to exist
Card 3
Front
what did Brain (1941)
Back
Card 4
Front
define contralesional
Back
Card 5
Front
define lpsilesional
Back
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