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Understanding Models of Health, Disability and Well-being
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- Created by: Ellen122
- Created on: 14-03-21 12:12
Biomedical Model
A traditional approach to the promotion of health and well-being. The entire focus is placed on biological and physical causes of health and disease, to the exclusion of other factors
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Social Model
This approach links range of social factors (social determinants), as influences upon health and well-being. These include barriers faced by individuals. These barriers lead to health inequalities in society, therefore health is not just aboutt the absenc
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Biopsychological Model
Considers the interation between the biological (bio), psychological (psycho) and socual (social) aspects of a person's life to understand why they are experiencing poor health and well-being
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Biomedical Model Explained
Considers good health and well-being to be the absence of disease or illness. Assumption is that there is physical malfunctioning somewhere in the human body
Emphasises the impairment of an individual and what they cannot do as a result of their disease o
Emphasises the impairment of an individual and what they cannot do as a result of their disease o
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Biomedical Model Examples
Poor mental health and well-being is attributed to the presence of disease or illness, linked to genetic abnormalities and problems with the brain such as chemical imbalances
Responses are based on medical interventions which come in the form of clinical
Responses are based on medical interventions which come in the form of clinical
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Stengths of Biomedical Model
Provides clear definitions and categories of health conditions to support assessment, diagnosis, and treatment to heal and improve people's lives. Based on science which can be researched and proven. Fractured bones and bacterial infections can be assesse
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Limitations of the Biomedical Model
1 and 2
1 and 2
Model assumes that all complex health issues can be attributed to genetic or biological causes, dismissing all other possibilities. Mental illness, the correction of chemical imbalances in the brain has been repeatedly questioned, people on medication can
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Limitations of the Biomedical Model
3
3
Illness and impairment are regarded in a negative way where this forms the main way in which individuals are percieved and treated. Reinforce stereotypes and discrimination and mean that the impairment has a negative impact on individual's lives and the b
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Limitations of the Biomedical Model
4
4
Treating individuals separately from their lifesyle/living conditions, concentrating on the disease, illness or disability and returning the individual to their pre-ill state. Reasons for illness are not at the centre of the biomedical model
Does not prom
Does not prom
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The Social Model Explained
The approach links a range of social factors (social determinants), as influences upon health and well-being. These include barriers faced by individuals. These barriers lead to health inequalities in society, therefore health is not just about the absenc
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Social Determinants of Health
WHO 2003
WHO 2003
Early life experiences, family/carers, education
Personal characteristics, poverty, social exculsion, discrimination
Work, income, unemployment
Social support/networks, community
Lifestyle, stress, addiction
Food, transport, housing, environment
Personal characteristics, poverty, social exculsion, discrimination
Work, income, unemployment
Social support/networks, community
Lifestyle, stress, addiction
Food, transport, housing, environment
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Social Determinants
Viewed as conditions that determine the likelihood of postive health and well-being outcomes across an individual's lifespan
Conditions in which people are born
The social and economic opportunities in childhood
The social and economic opportunities in ad
Conditions in which people are born
The social and economic opportunities in childhood
The social and economic opportunities in ad
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Socio-economic Background
Identifies that individuals do not start and finish with the same opportunities in society
Some face more barriers in life than others
Public health is regarded as a good measure of social and economic progress - of progress is poor, the health and well-b
Some face more barriers in life than others
Public health is regarded as a good measure of social and economic progress - of progress is poor, the health and well-b
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The Social Model and Disability
Social model links closely to human rights/ equal rights legislation in that it recognises that individuals with protected characteristics, such as disabled people, are more likely to face barriers to achieving positive health and well-being
Advocates of
Advocates of
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Medical and Social Models and Disability
Disability movement campaign for the rejection of the medical model
Disability was medicalised as something that needed to be fixed, if they couldn't be made to fit in, they might have been hidden away in institutions and hospitals. These attitudes and a
Disability was medicalised as something that needed to be fixed, if they couldn't be made to fit in, they might have been hidden away in institutions and hospitals. These attitudes and a
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Equality Act 2010
Disability is a protect charactersitic
Discrimination because of someone's disability is illegale
Hate crimes can be prosecuted
Discrimination because of someone's disability is illegale
Hate crimes can be prosecuted
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Key Principles of the Social Model of Disability are Reflected in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Disabled people have the right to be given the same choices as others
Disabled people have the right to live independently within society
Disabled people have the right to be included members of their community
Disabled people have the right to live independently within society
Disabled people have the right to be included members of their community
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Barriers that must be Removed that Prevent Disabled People from Expecting these Rights
Institutional barriers such as a lack of choice in education and any care and supportthat might be required
Environmental barriers such as inaccessible buildings, homes, neighbourhood routes and pathways and inaccessible transport
Social and behavioural b
Environmental barriers such as inaccessible buildings, homes, neighbourhood routes and pathways and inaccessible transport
Social and behavioural b
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Health Equity
Health Foundation, Health Equity in England: The Marmott Review 10 Years On (2020) stresses that health inequalities are avoidable and can be reduced considerably if social barriers are removed from the very start
Social model is guided by the principle o
Social model is guided by the principle o
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Prevention
Not smoking, good mental health and social support prevent health declining and reduce hospital admissions
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Early Intervention
A young person threatened with homelessness via advice, information or referral to alternative accommodation, will prevent them from actually becoming homeless
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Strengths of the Social Model
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1 and 2
Effective in identifying diverse factors that contribute to health and well-being
Emphasises how health and well-being can be poor if any one of a range of needs are not met, such as support for early years development, housing, education and social inclu
Emphasises how health and well-being can be poor if any one of a range of needs are not met, such as support for early years development, housing, education and social inclu
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Strengths of the Social Model
3, 4, 5 and 6
3, 4, 5 and 6
Clear link between poverty, discrimination and poor health and well-bein
Reversal if barriers such as these are removed
Addresses braoder issues around health, using 'community approach' to prevent illness. Goes beyond life-style and behaviours and promot
Reversal if barriers such as these are removed
Addresses braoder issues around health, using 'community approach' to prevent illness. Goes beyond life-style and behaviours and promot
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Limitation One of the Social Model
Social determinants alone do not determine an individual's free will, lifestyle choices and willingness to take personal responsibility for their own level of wellbeing
An individual's decision-making will impact their health and well-being outcomes, irre
An individual's decision-making will impact their health and well-being outcomes, irre
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Limitation Two of the Social Model
People from affluent backgrounds can have poor health and well-being outcomes because of other factors in their life that are not related to economic factors
Domestic abuse takes place across all sections of society, it is also linked to an abue of power
Domestic abuse takes place across all sections of society, it is also linked to an abue of power
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Biopsychosocial Model Explained
Considers the interaction between the biological (bio), psychological (psycho) and social (social) aspects of a person's life to understand why they are experiencing poor health and well-being
Elements are interdependent and equally important in determini
Elements are interdependent and equally important in determini
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Elements of the Biopsychological Model
Bio - genes, cells, muscles, organs, bones, teeth, and other phsyical aspects
Social - community, family, friends, society, media, and information
Psycho - cognition: thinking, learning, interpreting; emotion: subjective feelings and behaviours; motivatio
Social - community, family, friends, society, media, and information
Psycho - cognition: thinking, learning, interpreting; emotion: subjective feelings and behaviours; motivatio
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Interactive
Biological, psychological and social factors are related to each other when exploring reasons for poor health and well-being
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Independent
Each element (bio, psycho and social) can influence and be influenced by the other, to enable the human body to work well as a whole
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Interaction and Interdependence
The biopsychosocial model is defined as understanding the interaction and interdependence betweem the biological, psychological, and social aspects of a person's life, to understand why they are experiencing poor health and well-bineg
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Interaction and Interdepent Nature
The biopsychosocial model means that if a person seeks help with poor health and well-being
Causes and treatments may be different to what they expected
The model identifies relationships between the three elements and their impact on each other
Causes and treatments may be different to what they expected
The model identifies relationships between the three elements and their impact on each other
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Biopsychosocial Model May Involve:
An individual experiencing a range of interventions simultaneously
Or an emphasis may be placed on one aspect of a person's life to improve the others
Or an emphasis may be placed on one aspect of a person's life to improve the others
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Biopsychosocial Model of Someone in Physical Pain
May believe this is because of physical causes which require medication
It may be revealed that they have recently become unemployed, making them feel low in mood. The individua;s may be made aware that physical pain can also be caused by stress generated
It may be revealed that they have recently become unemployed, making them feel low in mood. The individua;s may be made aware that physical pain can also be caused by stress generated
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Interventions for Physical Pain
Psycho - talking therapy, relaxation, coping techniques
Social - access to friends, work, leisure
Bio - medication, diet, exercise
Social - access to friends, work, leisure
Bio - medication, diet, exercise
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Strengths of the Biopsychosocial Model
Encourgaes a holistic and enquiring approach to potential cause of poor health and well-being. Draws attention to interactive and interdependent nature of bio, psycho, and social factors that can influence people's lives
Emphasises how complicated it can
Emphasises how complicated it can
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Limitations of the Biopsychosocial Model
Can create uncertainty when trying to determine which intervention has contributed to which outcome
Treatment of phsyical pain, if bio, psycho, and social interventions are taking place simultaneously, how do we know which one has made a difference, or is
Treatment of phsyical pain, if bio, psycho, and social interventions are taking place simultaneously, how do we know which one has made a difference, or is
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Social Model
Back
This approach links range of social factors (social determinants), as influences upon health and well-being. These include barriers faced by individuals. These barriers lead to health inequalities in society, therefore health is not just aboutt the absenc
Card 3
Front
Biopsychological Model
Back
Card 4
Front
Biomedical Model Explained
Back
Card 5
Front
Biomedical Model Examples
Back
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