Because the American colonies had won their independence.
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During the years 1780 to 1860, where was transportation used?
Australia
3 of 16
Why was Australia used?
Because it was unknown, so the government hoped the idea of being sent to an unknown place would fear people. Also it would help Britain claim Australia.
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How many people were sent to Australia?
160,000
5 of 16
How long did it take to get there?
8 months
6 of 16
What was the name given to the groups of convicts as they worked?
Chain Gang
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What criminals were sent?
thieves, violent crimes, political protesters, rebels, protesters, chartists demanding political reform and Irish rebels.
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How many women went?
One sixth, 16%
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What were conditions like?
Poor, harsh and diseased. Cramped and unhygienic. Brutal and overpopulated.
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How did the voyage improve by the 1830s?
They weren't so cramped and unpleasant. Only 1% of convicts died on the voyage by the 1830s. They voyage was quicker as it took less than 4 months now.
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What did they do in Australia?
Hard labour - land work, carrying bundles of wooden tiles, slave work.
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What was the method of punishment for poor behaviour?
Flogging or exile to distant settlements were treatment was harsh.
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What was 'ticket of leave'?
An early release for prisoners who done good conduct. Regarded the ticket as their right and masters who refused tickets were hated. Ticket was a motive and a sense of opportunity they never had.
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Why was transportation stopped?
Because Britain claimed Australia as part of their empire, Australia was sick of being dumped with convicts so when Britain claimed it they didn't need to be sent anymore. It was also ineffective because it didn't reform criminals.
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What method replaced transportation?
Prisons
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Why did it end in America?
Back
Because the American colonies had won their independence.
Card 3
Front
During the years 1780 to 1860, where was transportation used?
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