Waves will reflect off a surface
angle of incidence = angle of reflection
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Refraction
When a wave passes through a boundary between two substances it bends towards the normal (less dense -> more dense) or away from the normal (more dense -> less dense)
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Diffraction
When a wave passes through a small slit it bends and spreads out
slits cause an interference pattern when the two waves spread out and super pose with one another
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Stationary wave formation
A wave reflects on to itself and superposes to for nodes and anti nodes
The wave must have fixed anti nodes at each end
Two waves of the same frequency, speed and wavelength can also superpose to form a stationary wave
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Harmonics
Stationary wave patterns formed at specific frequencies
1st harmonic has one node and two anti nodes
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Wavelength of a harmonic
λ = 2/number of harmonic x L
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Frequency of harmonic
f = number of harmonic/2L x √T/μ
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Velocity of harmonic
v = √ T/ μ
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Transverse wave
Oscillations perpendicular to direction of movement
Water waves, S waves, electromagnetic waves
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Longitudinal waves
Oscillations parallel to direction of movement
Sound waves, p waves
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Peak
Three highest point of a wave
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Amplitude
The distance between the peak and normal of a wave
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