Generation of new tissue from an endogenous source of cells.
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What is replenishment?
Generation of new tissue from an exogenous source of cells e.g. xenograft
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How does liver regeneration occur?
After 1-2 days there is a 20 fold increase in the level of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) which induces the tyrosine kinase pathway stimulating division in surviving hepatocytes
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How is liver regeneration controlled which enables liver to grow back to its exact size?
TGF beta is produced by kupfer cells which inhibits hepatocyte division AND excess hepatocytes undergo apoptosis.
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How does liver fibrosis occur?
Increased levels of TGF beta (although it inhibits hepatocyte division can also increase it's division) and induce the synthesis of ECM molecules e.g. collagen type 1 resulting in an abnormal number of fibroblasts replacing hepatocytes
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a) What treatments are required if liver fails completely and b) what cane causes liver damage?
a) liver transplant or replenishment with hepatocytes b) Use of tranquillisers, viral infection e.g. hepatitis and long term alcohol use
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What part of the nervous system is the only part which can regenerate?
Peripheral can, neurons and oligodendrocytes are post-mitotic and CNS is also not able to regenerte
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Put these sections of the spinal chord in order of which is most severe following damage (in order); sacral, thoracic, cervical, lumbar
The distal part of the nerve from the site of injury (attached to skeletal muscle) degenerates and a tube of schwann cells are regenerated prior to growth and reattachment at skeletal muscle fibre
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Why can't the CNS regenerate?
CNS myelin proteins inhibit regeneration AND scar tissue formed by astrocytes presents a physical barrier to nerve regeneration
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Name 3 potential therapies used to promote regeneration in the CNS?
Prevent formation of scar tissue by astrocytes, provide site of injury with schwann cells to promote PNS style myelin formation, infuse damaged spinal chord with antibodies against CNS myelin proteins
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is replenishment?
Back
Generation of new tissue from an exogenous source of cells e.g. xenograft
Card 3
Front
How does liver regeneration occur?
Back
Card 4
Front
How is liver regeneration controlled which enables liver to grow back to its exact size?
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