Behavioral theory positive enforcement (Lewinsohn, 1974)
increased likelihood of behaviour being repeated when followed by pleasant stimuli
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Behavioural theory negative enforcement (Lewinsohn, 1974)
increased likelihood of a behaviour being repeated when followed by removal of aversive stimuli.
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Behavioural theory generalisation (Lewinsohn, 1974)
transfer of a learned response to one stimuli to an alternative one (e.g. I felt better when I cancelled going to the party, so I should also cancel lunch at my parent’s)
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Reach out guide BA 6 steps (Richards & Whyte, 2011)
1) psychoed and rationale of BA 2) identifying RNP 3) make a hierachy of RNP 4) planning activities 5) try out schedule 6) review the schedule
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Graded exposure (Barlow, 1988)
A behavioural technique, where the process of habituation is the mechanism of change.
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Psychoeducation exposure: prolonged
until SUDS (subjective units of distress) reduces by 50%, can take up to 2 hours for adrenaline to reduce)
Worry Tree (Butler & Hope, 2007) addresses negative problem orientation
Q1: what am I worrying about? Q2: is there anything I can do about this? Q3: is there anything I can do about this right now? If yes- do it using problem-solving. If no- refocus to present moment and let the worry go.
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Reach Out (Richards & Whyte, 2011) suggest 7 steps problem solving
1) Identify problem (must be practical) 2) identify potential solutions (anything welcome, don’t reject any) 3) Evaluate solution (adv and disadv of each and rank options) 4) Select solution 5) Plan implementation (SMART) 6: implement 7) review
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Worry Time (Borkovec et al., 1983) addresses cognitive avoidance by exposure to worry
• Step 1: identify hypothetical worries and write them down • Step 2: refocus on present moment • Step 3: worry in designated worry time • Step 4: throw out list and refocus by doing an engaging activity
Involves tuning into sensations of tension in body through series of deliberate and intense tightening of muscle groups. By exaggerating the amount that might naturally occur, user is taught to recognise signs of tension and learns how to release it.
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Relaxation techniques: breathing (Meuret, 2008)
Can offer person alternative focus for attention other than anxiety. E.g. diaphragmatic breathing where you breathe to ensure the stomach moves but the chest does not.
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cCBT: Waller (2009)
Waller & Gilbody (2009): high satisfaction levels among CCBT users, but low uptake and high drop-out rate. Therapists also found to be less enthusiastic about CCBT.
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if non-engagement cCBT
• Encourage re-engagement by praising previous efforts • Cite evidence-base • Offer a telephone review
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Behavioural theory negative enforcement (Lewinsohn, 1974)
Back
increased likelihood of a behaviour being repeated when followed by removal of aversive stimuli.
Card 3
Front
Behavioural theory generalisation (Lewinsohn, 1974)
Back
Card 4
Front
Reach out guide BA 6 steps (Richards & Whyte, 2011)
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