Labelling theory - Once you are labelled as something negative it can become your master status. Once you have a master status you may become an outsider. Being and outsider can lead to further deviance e.g. work.
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Jock Young (Interactionalist)
Mairjuana smokers of Notting Hill. Police crackdowns caused them to create a subculture and become withdrawn from normal society. Ousiders unite together.
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Edwin Lemert (Interactionalist)
Looks at stuttering in NorthAmerican Pacific Coastal Indian initiation ceremonies in whih they have to give a word perfect speech. Primary and secondary deviance. Blames those who label the act instead of the individual that does it.
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A.V.Cicourel (Interactionalist)
Negotiation of justice. Middle class parents can talk the police out of punishing their child for any offences This is because they promise a bright future for their child. Studied two Californian cities.
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Althusser (Marxist)
The law is an ideological state apparatus which makes it normal to have some obscenely wealthy people and others who are obscenely poor.
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Lauren Snider (Marxist)
The more serious crimes are corporate crimes because they affect more people and cost more than street crimes. However they are not being prosecuted and not paying enough for their crimes.
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Manheim (Marxist)
Believes that there is an alliance between corporate businesses and the state in which they protect each other. The law mainly protects property and therefore protects the ruling class.
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Gordon (Marxist)
Selective law enforcement helps the ruling class to maintain power because it helps reinforce the ruling class ideology. Working class seen as criminals.
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Lea & Young (New left realist)
Believes that the rise in crimes committed by black youths is due to racism in the police. Black youths actually have high aspirations but are often not able to achieve them.
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Emile Durkheim (Functionalist)
Believes crime can be positive because it promotes change in society and reinforces existing values bringing society closer together by social cohesion.
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Robert Merton (Functionalist)
The importance of being sucessful causes deviant behaviour because not everyone can achieve the goals. Conformity, Innovation, ritualism, Retreatism and Rebellion.
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Albert Cohen (Subcultural Theory)
Looks at W/C boys that have status frustration and therefore crate a subculture to rebel against middle class values. The boys can achieve a winning status through the subculture.
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Cloward & Ohlin (Subcultural Theory)
Similar to Merton, there is a greater pressure on the working class to be deviant because they have less of an opportunity to succeed by legitimate means.
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Walter B. Miller (Subcultural Theory)
Working class males are pushed toward crime because of the 6 focal concerns of their subculture. Smartness, Trouble, Excitement, Toughness, Autonomy and Fate.
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Charles Murray (Right Realist)
Believes that fatherless families with young boys are the blame for a lot of crime because they are growing up without a stable male role model and therefore are passing anti social bahaviour through to future generations.
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James Wilson (Right Realist)
Believes that minor signs of neglect such as a broken wimdow can lead to more serious crimes. Zero tolerance from the police creates a situation in which crime seems less possible.
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Taylor, Wlaton and Young (Neo-Marxist)
Believe that crime is not an economic necessity but a concious decision by an individual, often a political move deliberately striving to change capitalism.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Mairjuana smokers of Notting Hill. Police crackdowns caused them to create a subculture and become withdrawn from normal society. Ousiders unite together.
Back
Jock Young (Interactionalist)
Card 3
Front
Looks at stuttering in NorthAmerican Pacific Coastal Indian initiation ceremonies in whih they have to give a word perfect speech. Primary and secondary deviance. Blames those who label the act instead of the individual that does it.
Back
Card 4
Front
Negotiation of justice. Middle class parents can talk the police out of punishing their child for any offences This is because they promise a bright future for their child. Studied two Californian cities.
Back
Card 5
Front
The law is an ideological state apparatus which makes it normal to have some obscenely wealthy people and others who are obscenely poor.
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