The Cell Cycle
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- Created by: RosieHolmium
- Created on: 15-10-14 18:55
The mitotic phase in which the chromosomes condense, the spindle forms when the centrioles split and move to the opposite ends of the cell (poles). Spindle fibres form and are organised by the centrioles. The nuclear envelope disintegrates.
Prophase
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The mitotic phase in which the chromosomes move to the cell equator and spindle fibres attach themselves to the centromeres.
Metaphase
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The mitotic phase in which the centromeres split due to the shortening of spindle fibres. This results in cthe splitting of chromosomes into two identical chromatids which move to opposite poles of the cell. Spindle fibres disintegrate.
Anaphase
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The mitotic phase in which the chromosomes unravel and the nuclear envelope reforms enveloping two identical sets of genetic information in two separate nuclei.
Telophase
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The cytoplasmic division of a cell. The ring of protein filaments bound to the inner surface of the cell surface membrane contract around the cell centre and form two separate cells.
Cytokinesis
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The phase of interphase in which the cell grows in size and a sufficient amount of proteins are made for DNA replication.
G1
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The phase of interphase in which DNA is replicated and there is very little protein synthesis and RNA transcription, except in histone proteins.
S
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The phase in interphase in which there are high levels of protein synthesis, particularly in the formation of microtubules.
G2
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The processes that a cell endures from its first formation as one of two identical daughter cells until it divides to form its own two identical daughter cells.
The Cell Cycle
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The name given to G1, S and G2, in which DNA is replicated, the cell grows and new organelles and proteins are synthesised.
Interphase
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The spherical, single membrane-bound organelle which contains digestive enzymes and is responsible for the breakdown of worn/ damaged structures and 'cell suicide'.
Lysosome
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A series of flattened stacks formed by the fusion of vesicles from the rER. It is responsible for the modification and transportation of proteins.
Golgi Apparatus.
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A series of membrane-bound sacs which are studded with ribosomes and the site of protein synthesis, as well as protein transport and packaging.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
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A series of flattened sacs which runs continuous with the nuclear envelope and is responsible for steroid and protein manufacture, carb metabolism and drug and poison detoxification.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
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A pectin layer which cements the cell walls of two adjoining plant cells together, to increase the stability of the plant.
Middle Lamella
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Channels between the cell walls of adjoining plant cells which allow inter-cell communication using chemical signals, the exchange of nutrients and cytosol fibres between cells, connect.
Plasmodesmata
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Thin hollow tubes which allow bacterial cells to adhere to surfaces
pili
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Thin hollow tubes which rotate in order to allow movement of a bacterial cell
flagella
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A layer surrounding the cell wall which protects the cell and prevents it from dehydrating
Slime Capsule
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A small infolding of the cell surface membrane in a bacterial cell which is the site of respiration.
Mesosome
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Circular DNA found in the cytoplasm of a bacterial cell.
Nucleoid
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Site in the nucleus where ribosomes are produced
Nucleolus
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Double membrane-bound organelles which are the site of aerobic respiration and have a folded inner membrane which forms inwards projections called cristae, to maximise surface area.
Mitochondria
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Found on the outer surface of rER and in the cytoplasm, these organelles are the site of protein synthesis.
Ribosomes
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These vessels store starch granules in plants
Amyloplasts
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These are found in plant cells and composed of cellulose, a polysaccharide. It helps to keep cells rigid.
Cell wall
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Composed of peptidoglycan (a polysaccharide and peptidoglycan combined) this structure helps to keep bacterial cells rigid.
Cell wall
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A double membrane-bound organelle which has a membrane perforated with pores and contains DNA and the nucleolus.
Nucleus
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Body cells with 46 chromosomes.
Diploid somatic cells
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Composed of a phospholipid bilayer, this structure controls the passage of substances into and out of a cell.
Cell surface membrane.
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It contains cell sap and controls the osmotic concentration of the cell. It helps to keep the cell turgid and is surrounded my a single membrane
Vacuole
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The single membrane surrounding the vacuole
Tonoplast
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A type of cell containing a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotic cells
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A type of cell lacking in a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Prokaryotic cells.
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A single circle of DNA
Plasmid
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The mitotic phase in which the chromosomes move to the cell equator and spindle fibres attach themselves to the centromeres.
Back
Metaphase
Card 3
Front
The mitotic phase in which the centromeres split due to the shortening of spindle fibres. This results in cthe splitting of chromosomes into two identical chromatids which move to opposite poles of the cell. Spindle fibres disintegrate.
Back
Card 4
Front
The mitotic phase in which the chromosomes unravel and the nuclear envelope reforms enveloping two identical sets of genetic information in two separate nuclei.
Back
Card 5
Front
The cytoplasmic division of a cell. The ring of protein filaments bound to the inner surface of the cell surface membrane contract around the cell centre and form two separate cells.
Back
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