Believed in the Divine Right of Kings-tried to put it to practice. Poor communicator-stuter, speeches short & brief. Only small circle of friends & courtiers. Regards anyone who questions him as disloyal. Rigid Mind. Second Child. Favours Arminianism
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* 5 Functions the King was Expected to Fulfil (Before Charles I).
1. Creating Laws and Ordinance. 2. Providing money for the maintance of his country, good appearance & defence against enemies. 3. Administration of Justice. 4. Battle & Peach with foreign nations. 5. Choosing and electing chief officers & magistrate
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* Factors over which the King & Parliament Quarelled Over (1625-1629).
Key Individuals (Buckingham & Henrietta Maria. Foreign Policy (Mansfed & Cadiz). Finance (Tonnage & Poundage). Royal Marriage (Threat to Church). Divine Right (Royal interference in the choice of MP's). Parliament Privileges (Sir John Eliot). Impeach
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* What was the Petition of Rigths (1628)?
Parliament asked the King to acknoledge 4 points which they claimed were basic concepts of English Law; 1. Illegal to raise taxes without their concent. 2. Illigal to imprison people without reason. 3. Illegal to improse force bulleting. 4. Illigal t
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* Why did Charles I resort to Personal Rule (1629)?
Buckingham - became High Admiral in 1626, blamed for the Cadiz and Mansfield failiers, Charles had to dissolve parliament to protect him. Parliament - Used financial powers to discuss issues which had been the kings, 1629 closed scenes of defiance &
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* What was the 5 Kinghts Case (1627)?
5 gentlemen imprisoned for refusing to pay forced loan. They challenged their imprisonment as they believed the king did not show cause for their imrpisonment. This led to arguement about Magna Carta. Victory for the king.
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* What was Ship Tax/Money (1635)?
In 1635 Charles I was in a financial crisis. He was unwilling to summon another parliament so he demanded Ship Tax. Before only used for emergencies now used every year and paid by everyone. Worth £200,000 a year. Parliament unhappy - not agreed with
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* What was the Court of Star Chambers?
Used by Charles I to enforce unpopular political & religious policies. Became a symbal of oppression to parliament and puritan opponents of Charles and Archbishop William Laud.
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* What was the Court of High Commission?
Became a controversial instrument of repression, used against those who refused to acknowledge the authority of the church of England. Run by the Privy Council-always made decissions in the Kings interest.
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* What did Charles I achieve during his Personal Rule?
Well ordered regime-emphasis on hierachy and ceremony, instilled respect for the monarchy and emphasis on the religious roots of his power. Decorated churches with statues and colours.
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* What was the Forced Loan?
War without enough money to pay for it. Raised more money in 1626 for the King than the 4 parliamentary substities would have done. He concluded that finance could be raised more efficiently without the uncertainty, delay & expense of calling parliam
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* Name Royalists during the Civil War.
Prince Rupert, Duke of Newcastle, Sir Ralph Hompton.
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* Name Parliament Supporters during the Civil War.
Earl of Essex, Earl of Manchester, Oliver Cromwell, Sir Thomas Fairfax, Philip Skippon, Scots, Eastern Association, New Model Army.
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* Strenghts of the Royalists during the Civil War.
Could recruit people by taking advantage of the widespread fear of Puritanism.
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* Weaknesses of the Royalists during the Civil War.
Hard to persuade men away from their harvest and towards a political cause which benefited the King.
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* Strengths of Parliament during the Civil War.
Better resources-control of East Anglia & based in London. Cromwell & Fairfax created NMA. Had more soldiers as most improtant battles. God was seen to be on their side. More alliances. More capable leaders. Could appeal to make the King accountable.
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* The New Model Army.
Fromed in 1645 by Sir Thomas Fairfax & Oliver Cromwell. Total of 22,000 trained soldiers (7,000 cavarly led by Oliver Cromwell / 15,000 infantry, led by Skippon).
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* Religous Radicalism of the New Model Army.
Recruited religious separatists, protected by Oliver Cromwell and dominated the army. Spread of radical ideas as they moved. Their success was due to their discipline and dedication in pursuit of God's cause.
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* Effectiveness of the New Model Army.
Through training, regular pay, proffessional disciplne, egalitarian policies (promotion by merit), habit of winning helped them maintain spirit and deeling that God was on their side. this led to them being a solid fighting unit & potential political
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* Who were the Cavaliers?
Gentry of the Northern & Western areas - Royalists who supported the King. Most were conservative Protestants and Catholic.
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* Who were the Roundheads?
Merchants and Traders of the Sourth-East and London, supported parliament. Gave Parliament much more money than the King. Most supporters were Puritans.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
* 5 Functions the King was Expected to Fulfil (Before Charles I).
Back
1. Creating Laws and Ordinance. 2. Providing money for the maintance of his country, good appearance & defence against enemies. 3. Administration of Justice. 4. Battle & Peach with foreign nations. 5. Choosing and electing chief officers & magistrate
Card 3
Front
* Factors over which the King & Parliament Quarelled Over (1625-1629).
Back
Card 4
Front
* What was the Petition of Rigths (1628)?
Back
Card 5
Front
* Why did Charles I resort to Personal Rule (1629)?
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