the little Albert experiment

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who did the little Albert experiment?
Watson and Rayner
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when was the experiment conducted?
1920
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why was it not really an experiment?
at there time the word 'experiment' was used for a lot of different things, it was really more of a controlled observation.
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was the research undertaken in a controlled environment?
yes
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what was the name of the child in the experiment?
Albert B
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was he used to the hospital environment, if so why?
he was very used to the hospital environment as his mother was a wet nurse.
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where was his mother a wet nurse?
Harriet Lane Home for Invalid Children
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what were reasons for Albert being chosen as the participant?
he was healthy and 'one of the best developed youngsters ever brought to the hospital'. he was also very stable.
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what did Watson and Rayner feel about Albert?
they felt that they 'could do him relatively little harm by carrying out' the procedures of the research.
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what ages were Albert during this experiment?
(1) eight months, 26 days (2) nine months (3) 11 months (4) 11 months, 3 days (5) 11 months, 10 days (6) 11 months, 15 days (7) 11 months, 20 days (8) 1 year, 21 days
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what happened at eight months, 26 days?
they struck a hammer to determine whether a fear reaction could be created by a loud sound.
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what happened at nine months?
Albert was introduced to tests to determine whether fear reactions could be create by noises other than 'sharp noises' and the 'sudden removal of support."
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what happened at 11 months?
testing to establish a conditioned emotional response.
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what happened at 11 months, 3 days?
a white rat was presented and he reached for it. when he touches the rat a loud noise is made.
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a white rat was presented and he reached for it. when he touches the rat a loud noise is made.
joint stimulation. rat with no sound, then the rat with sound (3x) then the rat alone, then the rat and noise (2x) then rat alone. This demonstrates that a fear response can be conditioned to a neutral stimulus.
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what happened at 11 months, 15 days?
generalisation. Albert was presented with the rat, wooden blocks (control), rabbit, dog, fur coat, cotton wool, John Watsons hair, the hair of two observers and a Santa Claus mask.
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what happened at 11 months, 20 days?
change of environment. Albert was taken to a large, well lit lecture hall. rat=alone, rabbit=alone, dog=alone, rat=alone, rat+sound, rat=alone, rabbit=alone, dog=alone (dog barked). this experiment demonstrates that emotional transfers can occur.
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what happened at 1 year, 21 days?
Albert was presented with the Santa Claus mask, fur coat, wooden blocks, the rat, the rabbit and the dog.
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was planned 'detachment undertaken'? if not why?
no because Albert was taken away from the hospital before they could do it.
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what was the reaction at eight months, 26 days?
time 1- Albert started violent, breathing was checked, arms=raised. time 2- lips=puckered+trembled. time 3- Albert=crying fit. (this was the 1st time an emotional situation in the lab had produced any fear or even crying in Albert.
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what was the reaction at nine months?
at no time did the infant ever show fear in any situation.
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what was the reaction at 11 months, 3 days?
bar struck= jumped violently, fell forwards and buried face in the mattress. (Did not cry)
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what was the reaction at 11 months, 10 days?
joint stimulation with rat and sound Albert starts to cry. each time joint stimulation is repeated Albert cries and starts withdrawing from rat as soon as it was presented. rat=alone, Albert immediately starts crying and quickly crawls away.
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what was the reaction at 11 months, 15 days?
Blocks=play, rat alone= whimpers, withdraws right hand + turns head away. rat again= fell over, scurried away. rabbit=turn away+cry. dog=not as violent of a reaction. close dog=turned away+cry. coat=withdraw. hair=negative reaction. Santa=negative
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what was the reaction at 11 months, 20 days?
rat=alone, no sudden rear reaction+hold hands away from it. rabbit=alone, turns away.dog=alone, cries until gone.rat=alone, slightly negative reaction.rat+sound=jumps violently.rat=alone, no initial reaction (got closer=whimper and draw back.)
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what was the reaction at 1 year, 21 days?
Santa mask=withdrawal+slaps it without touching it. forced to touch it=whimper and cry. fur-coat=cry and withdraw. blocks=plays.rat=negative reaction.rabbit=push away. (closer=wailing).dog=cry but did not fall like he did the previous time.
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what was the incidental observations?
thumb sucking as a way of blocking fear and unpleasant stimuli. during the course of these experiments, especially in the final test, whenever Albert was on the verge of tears or emotionally upset, he would put his thumb in his mouth.
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how many conclusions were there?
four
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what is conclusion 1?
a fear response can be created.
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what is conclusion 2?
it is probable that many of the phobias in psychopathology are true conditioned emotional reactions either of the direct or the transferred type.
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what is conclusion 3?
it is also possible that the persistence of conditioned responses will only. be found in people who are not as strong willed.
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what is conclusion 4?
emotional disturbances in adults cannot be traced back to sex alone, as Freudians would theorise. They must be considered with regards to conditioned and transferred responses set up in infancy and early youth in all three of the fundamental emotions
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what are the three fundamental human emotions?
love, fear and rage
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when was the experiment conducted?

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1920

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why was it not really an experiment?

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was the research undertaken in a controlled environment?

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what was the name of the child in the experiment?

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