The Heart
0.0 / 5
- Created by: georgia160502
- Created on: 21-04-22 14:47
What is the most common birth defect?
Congenital heart disease
1 of 44
Do veins carry blood away from or to the heart?
To the heart
2 of 44
Do arteries carry blood away from or to the heart
Away from the heart
3 of 44
What does the vena cava do?
Carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart
4 of 44
What does the superior vena cava do?
Carries blood from the head and upper body
5 of 44
What does the inferior vena cava do?
Carries blood from the lower body
6 of 44
What does the aorta do?
Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body
7 of 44
What does the pulmonary artery do?
Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
8 of 44
What are the semilunar valves?
Valves between ventricle and artery
9 of 44
What are the atrioventricular valves?
Valves between atrium and ventricle
10 of 44
What does the pulmonary valve do?
Regulates blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery
11 of 44
What does the aortic valve do?
Regulates blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta
12 of 44
What does the mitral valve do?
Regulates blood flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle
Two leaflets (bicuspid)
Two leaflets (bicuspid)
13 of 44
What does the tricuspid valve do?
Regulates blood flow from the right atrium into the right ventricle
Three leaflets (tricuspid)
Three leaflets (tricuspid)
14 of 44
How are atrioventricular valves connected to the ventricle wall?
By chordae tendineae
15 of 44
What are atrioventricular valves regulated?
By papillary muscles
16 of 44
What does the coronary vasculature do?
Supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
17 of 44
What is pericardium?
The outer layer of connective tissue
18 of 44
What does the pericardial cavity contain?
Lubricant
19 of 44
What is the function of epicardium?
Role in homeostasis and regeneration
20 of 44
What is the myocardium?
The contractile part of the heart
21 of 44
What is the endocardium?
The inner layer of protective epithelium
22 of 44
What is the function of cardiomyocytes?
contractile heart muscle
23 of 44
What is the function of fibroblasts?
Maintain structure
Homeostasis
Form scar tissue
Homeostasis
Form scar tissue
24 of 44
What is the function of vascular endothelium?
Form the walls of vasculature supplying blood to heart muscle
25 of 44
What is the function of monocytes/macrophages?
Immune system
26 of 44
What are cardiomyocytes?
Striated muscle cells containing filaments of contractile proteins
27 of 44
What are the components of a cardiomyocyte?
Sarcolemma
Transverse tubule
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Sarcomere
Transverse tubule
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Sarcomere
28 of 44
What is the sarcolemma?
Plasma membrane
29 of 44
What is the transverse tubule?
An extension of the plasma membrane into cell permits fast transmission of action potentials
30 of 44
What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Specialised endoplasmic reticulum which acts as a calcium core
31 of 44
What is the sarcomere?
Contractile apparatus (actin and myosin)
32 of 44
How are cardiomyocytes inter-connected?
By gap-junctions
33 of 44
What is the conduction system?
A network of nerve cell-like cardiomyocytes that generate and propagate electrical impulses which control heart contraction
34 of 44
What are the components of the conduction system?
Sino-atrial node
Artio-ventricular node
Bundle of His
Purkinje fibres
Artio-ventricular node
Bundle of His
Purkinje fibres
35 of 44
What does the sino-atrial (SA) node do?
Generates action potentials
These impulses are then transmitted to the atrial myocardium and the atrioventricular node
These impulses are then transmitted to the atrial myocardium and the atrioventricular node
36 of 44
What does the atrioventricular (AV) node do?
Located at the base of the right atrium
The pathway between atria and ventricles
Delays transmission of impulse until atria are fully contracted
The pathway between atria and ventricles
Delays transmission of impulse until atria are fully contracted
37 of 44
What does the Bundle of His do?
Transmits the impulse to the apex of the heart without depolarising cardiomyocytes en route
38 of 44
What releases acetylcholine to reduce heart rate?
The vagus nerve
39 of 44
What hormone does the accelerens nerve release to increase heart rate
Norepinephrine
40 of 44
What is a heart attack?
Blockage of one of the arteries which supply the heart with oxygenated blood (coronary artery)
41 of 44
What is atherosclerosis?
The build up of fatty plaques
42 of 44
What causes a heart attack?
Atherosclerosis within artery walls, constricting blood flow
Rupture of the plaque leads to the formation of a blood clot which can dislodge and cause acute disease
Rupture of the plaque leads to the formation of a blood clot which can dislodge and cause acute disease
43 of 44
What is congenital heart disease?
Malformation in the heart
Caused by an error in embryonic development
May result from a genetic mutation or environmental factors (e.g. smoking by mother)
This leads to mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
Caused by an error in embryonic development
May result from a genetic mutation or environmental factors (e.g. smoking by mother)
This leads to mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
44 of 44
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Do veins carry blood away from or to the heart?
Back
To the heart
Card 3
Front
Do arteries carry blood away from or to the heart
Back
Card 4
Front
What does the vena cava do?
Back
Card 5
Front
What does the superior vena cava do?
Back
Related discussions on The Student Room
Similar Biology resources:
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
5.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
3.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
3.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
Comments
No comments have yet been made