mRNA meets charged tRNAs at ribosome, two subunits: small + large, 4 sites: E, P, A, T
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Translation has 3 phases
initiation, elongation, termination
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Initiation
complex forms, initiator tRNA charged with methionine + the small ribosomal subunit bound to mRNA triggers beginning of translation
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Elongation
ribosome moves along mRNA in 5'-3' direction, polypeptides grow from N terminus, charged tRNA's bring amino acids to the ribosome sequentially, specificity provided by the anticodon interaction + the accuracy of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
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Termination
presence of stop codon in A site of ribosome, completed protein released
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Polysome
more than 1 ribosome moves along mRNA at one time, multiple copies of same protein made from single mRNA
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