The cardiovascular system

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Why is the heart described as myogenic?
The beat starts inside the heart muscle itself with and electrical signal from the SAN
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Where does the bundle of His go?
It branches down the septum into the Purkinje fibres
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Neural control mechanism
This involves the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic coordinated in the medulla oblongata
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Sympathetic nervous system does what to heart rate?
Stimulates the heart to beat faster
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Parasympathetic nervous system does what to heart rate?
Stimulates the heart to return to its resting level
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What is the cardiac control centre stimulated by?
Baroreceptors, Chemoreceptors and Proprioceptors
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Chemoreceptors detect what?
An increase in blood carbon dioxide levels. Higher levels will cause increase in heart rate, lower levels will cause decrase in heart rate
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Baroreceptors detect what?
An increase in blood pressure. Higher blood pressure will cause the heart rate to decrease, lower blood pressure will cause an increase in heart rate
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Proprioceptors detect what?
An increase in muscle movement. Higher movement levels will cause an increase in heart rate, lower levels of movement will cause a decrease in heart rate
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Stroke Volume
The amount of blood pumped out of the heart ventricles in each contraction. Stroke volume increases with intensity of exercise
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What does stroke volume depend on?
Venous return, the elasticity of cardiac fibres and the contractility of the myocardium (cardiac tissue).
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Heart rate
The number of times the heart beats per minute
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Cardiac output calculation
Cardiac output (Q) = Stroke volume (SV) x Heart rate (HR)
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Heart disease (atherosclerosis)
When your coronary arteries, which supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood, become blocked or start to narrow by a gradual build up fatty deposits. The fatty deposits are called atheroma
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Cholesterol
LDL (Low Density Lipoproteins) = bad cholesterol. HDL (High Density Lipoproteins) = transport excess cholesterol to the liver to be broken down
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Stroke
Ischaemic = blood clot. Haemorrhagic = blood vessel bursting
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Where does the bundle of His go?

Back

It branches down the septum into the Purkinje fibres

Card 3

Front

Neural control mechanism

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Sympathetic nervous system does what to heart rate?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Parasympathetic nervous system does what to heart rate?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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