TCP/IP, DNS and protocol layering

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What is the internet?
It is a wide area network (WAN)

It is a collection of interconnected networks, routers, cables, satellites and other hardware.

The internet isn't the same as the world wide web
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How is the internet connected in a standard household?
The network is connected via a router which is connected to an (ISP) using a fibre optic cable or telephone connection.

The ISP is connected to a Domain Name Service (DNS) as well as other routers.

Those routers are connected to LANs and WAN servers
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Concept of layering
The concept of layering is to use protocols to divide the complex tasks of networking amongst hardware which is specified for each layer and has their own responsibility.
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What are the TCP/IP layers?
They consist of (in descending order) Application, Transport, Network and Link
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What is the Application layer?
All network applications such as web browsers or email programs operate in this layer

The protocols are FTP, HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP and IMAP
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What is the Transport layer?
The transport layer sets up communication between two hosts - they agree settings such as language and packet size.

The protocols are TCP and UDP
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What is the Internet/network layer?
This layer addresses and packages data for transmission. Routes packets across the network

The protocol for this is IP
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What is the Link layer?
The Link layer is where Network hardware and connection and port standards live. Operating system device drivers also sit
here.

The role is to facilitate the transmission of binary via any media.

The protocols are Copper twister pair, fibre and Wi-Fi
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What happens when information passes through the Application layer?
The application layer is hit and then uses the appropriate protocol relating to the application used to transmit the data. It will then add a header to the message being sent such as HTTP

The header and message combined is known as a segment
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What happens when the information then travels through the Transport layer?
TCP and UDP is used here. End-to-end connection is established and conversations between app processes are maintained. These protocols use port numbers to track sessions and info is added to header. Connection is made and data split into packets.
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What happens when the information is passed through the network/internet layer?
Layer uses IP to add source IP address and Destination IP address to packets. Routers use IP address to find where packet heading. This makes socket. Socket = IP address + port
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What happens at the Link layer?
Packets are known here as frames. Link is physical connection between network devices. It adds (MAC) address of the source and destination device. When data transmits over large area network Mac changes at each hop on route.
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Why do we need a Mac address and IP address?
Communication between two devices on LAN on requires Link layer which creates frame using MAC addresses. Two devices on different networks (WAN) requires network layer and link layer. Network layer uses IP addresses.
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What do IP addresses and Mac addresses represent?
Every device has unique MAC address. Every router has and caches IP addresses. IP is where you are and MAC is who you are.
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Final process or information being sent?
The router is a router and a switch. Switch examines source and destination MAC addresses and learn which address applies to which device.
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What is a protocol?
Protocols are like a set of standards or rules that allow devices to properly communicate with each other
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What is a UDP?
A User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is an alternative to TCP but has no error checking. It is used to send short messages where speed is more important than accuracy.
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What is the Hypertext Transfer Protocol?
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol is the fundamental protocol of the World Wide Web. It is a way for a client and server to send an receive requests and deliver HTML web pages
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What is the File Transmission Protocol (FTP)
The File Transmission Protocol (FTP) is a protocol used for sending files between computers with the us of a WAN.
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What is the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol?
The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) transfers outgoing emails between servers and from email clients to servers
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What is the Post Office Protocol (POP)
The Post Office Protocol (POP) retrieves emails from a mail server and transfers them to your device, removing them from the server in the process.
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What is the Internet Message Access Protocol?
The Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) keeps emails on the mail server, maintaining synchronicity between devices.
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What is a Internet Control Message Protocol?
The Internet Control Message Protocol is a supporting protocol in the Internet protocol suite. It is used by network devices, including routers, to send error messages and operational information
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What is a Simple Network Management Process?
Simple Network Management Protocol is an Internet Standard protocol for collecting and organizing information about managed devices on IP networks and for modifying that information to change device behaviour
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How is the internet connected in a standard household?

Back

The network is connected via a router which is connected to an (ISP) using a fibre optic cable or telephone connection.

The ISP is connected to a Domain Name Service (DNS) as well as other routers.

Those routers are connected to LANs and WAN servers

Card 3

Front

Concept of layering

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the TCP/IP layers?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the Application layer?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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