TB5 Lecture 1; The Self and the Other

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  • Created by: mint75
  • Created on: 21-05-15 18:09
In the history of the self, what is Secularisation?
The purpose of the self was religion orientated and an emphasis was placed on fulfillment of life on earth >the afterlife.
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What did the enlightenment mean for the Self?
That self understanding was scientifically orientated, pushed for a more scientific understanding of the world and influenced by political change.
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What did industrialisation mean for the Self?
The self was seen as an individual and autonomous entity, self reliance and individualism (capitalism) was emphasised and there was a shift from the communal self.
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What were Freud's general views on the Self?
The impossibility of complete self knowledge, the self emerges through conflict with unconscious forces which cannot be understood.
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What is the central concept of Dualism? (Descartes)
The self = the soul (immaterial) which controls the 'machine' of the body through the pineal gland.
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What was William James' view of the Self?
There are 3 types of self, it's constituents (The material/spiritual self), the feelings and emotions they arouse (self-feelings e.g self-dissatisfaction/complacency) and self-actions, the actions to which they prompt e.g self-preservation
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What was Freud's view of the Self?
The self as a reconciliation of unconscious forces that govern our concious experience. These are the Superego (internalisation of cultural norms), Ego (mediation of ID and reality) and ID (basic drives) which are in unconscious conflict.
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What is an issue with Freud's theory of the Self?
Not very empirical, there is an interplay of factors created without evidence to check credibility.
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What is the main point(s) of the "Self as an illusion" argument?
We do not have a self at all, rather we have drives that are constrained by biology or societal norms. The 'self' is a post-hoc rationalisation of the chosen path
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How does fMRI work?
Detects iron levels in the blood, as blood flows through the brain you can see neural activity in real time.
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What did a study by Kross et al (2013) find?
Facebook use predicts declines in affect and life satisfaction over time
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What is a quesar experiment?
An experiment with a correlational design, used for abstract variables e.g the self that can't be 'switched on/off'
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What did Gallup's (1970) mirror test study show?
Chimps learned that it was not another chimp in the mirror, with this knowledge social responses decreased and self directed responses increased.
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In ontological development (human), at what stage in development is self-awareness apparent?
Stage 3, approx 2 years
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What does Symbolic Interactionism proposed by Mead state?
The self arises and is continously modified through the agent's interaction with society, a dynamic process with different cross-cultural significance.
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What is Markus and Kityama's view on the self?
An interactionist perspective where evolutionary factors and the current culture and environment have an effect on the drives of a person and the Self's different levels.
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How is the independent self different from the interdependent self?
The independent self, a western perspective is autonomous and moves within groups, interdependent self is communal and is stable within different contexts
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What did the enlightenment mean for the Self?

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That self understanding was scientifically orientated, pushed for a more scientific understanding of the world and influenced by political change.

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What did industrialisation mean for the Self?

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What were Freud's general views on the Self?

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What is the central concept of Dualism? (Descartes)

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