TB4 Lecture 1; Emotion and the Brain quiz

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  • Created by: mint75
  • Created on: 24-05-15 14:02
What is an emotion?
A reaction to an event that includes a combo of string feelings, behavioural dispositions and physiological responses
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What is the main concept of categorical theories of emotion?
Each emotion is a discrete, independent entity; with the innate basic emotions being fear, sad, anger, surprise, disgust, happiness.
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What is the main concept of dimensional theories of emotion?
Each emotion is a point represented on a 2D space dfined by the X axis of arousal (low-high) and valence (positive-negative emotions) E.g happy may share the same x as afraid but with differing valence (y)
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What does a skin conductance response show?
Shows eccrine sweat gland activity which is related to arousal. A response peak will be shown for emotions such as fear + anxiety
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What does the response from an eye-blink component of startle response measure show?
Related to valence, there is more eye-blink when feeling fear, and less with happiness. Much faster than SCR.
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What is the James-Lange feedback theory?
There is a deterministic relaish between bodily reactions+emotions. Stimuli cause a direct bodily response which in turn creates an emotional experience. There is no emotion without bodily reaction.
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How does the cannon-bard theory challenge the James-lange feedback theory?
States that body responses are too undifferentiated and slow to be a source of emotion. Instead a stimulus simultaeneously triggers activity in the autonomic nervous system AND emotional experience.
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Which brain area is thought to play a key area in mediating emotion?
Diencephalon (Hypothalamus + Thalamus)
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What does the Limbic theory (1937) propose?
It is a neual circuit of the cingulate cortex, hippocampus, anterior thalamus and hypothalamus that control our emotion
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What did the 'robogator' study using rats find?
Pre-amygdala lesion rats tried to get food but ran away from robogator, post lesion rats showed no fear response to robogator
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In monkeys, after removal of what brain area(s) did they begin to show loss of fear, hypersexuality/hyperorality and altered food preferences? (Kluver bucy)
Temporal lobes, hippocampus and amygdala
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What kind of damage did patient SM sustain?
Symmetrical bi-lateral amygdala calcification on the medial temporal lobes.
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When patient SM was asked to rate intensity of emotions in facial expressions what were the findings?
Abnormal ratings of fear emotions, some other emotions (e.g anger) were not normal either but fear the worst affected
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What is the method for fMRI studies about fear?
With facial expressions, blood flow is either compared for fear and neutral expressions, or measured how blood flow changes with expression intensity
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How are fMRI studies into the insula and disgust carried out?
A facial expression is presented to the participant and the blood flow between disgust and neutral expressions is compared
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In a study of disgust recognition and experience, what did results from Calder et al (2000) with patient NM find?
A left side lesion involving the insula and putamen caused impaired recognition of the disgust expression (face, posture, voice) and also a lower score in disgust questionnaire
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What does the somatic marker hypothesis state?
People experience bodily feelings that guide their decisions based on the anticipated pain/pleasure of the outcome.
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In light of the somatic marker hypothesis, what do results using the Iowa gambling task show?
Neurotypical pps even before explicit knowledge of risky moves tend to choose 'safer' decks. Use gut instincts to guide their choices
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What about a neural basis for other emotions?
Other emotions are less well understood, with mixed fMRI results and no as of yet brain lesion pps with specfic damage affecting these emotions. Social emotions e.g pride are currently under research scrutiny
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What is the main concept of categorical theories of emotion?

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Each emotion is a discrete, independent entity; with the innate basic emotions being fear, sad, anger, surprise, disgust, happiness.

Card 3

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What is the main concept of dimensional theories of emotion?

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Card 4

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What does a skin conductance response show?

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Card 5

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What does the response from an eye-blink component of startle response measure show?

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