Synthetic Routes 0.0 / 5 ? ChemistryReactionsA2/A-levelOCR Created by: freyasellersCreated on: 30-05-18 10:08 Alkane to haloalkane X2, UV light 1 of 36 Haloalkane to amine Excess ethanolic ammonia, heat 2 of 36 Haloalkane to nitrile NaCN or KCN, ethanol, reflux 3 of 36 Nitrile to amine (3) LiAlH4 then dilute acid OR Na and ethanol, reflux OR H2, Ni/Pt catalyst, high temp and pressure 4 of 36 Alkene to alkane H2, nickel catalyst, 150 degrees celsius 5 of 36 Alkene to dihaloalkane X2, 20 degrees celsius 6 of 36 Alkene to alcohol Steam, H3PO4 catalyst, 300 degrees celsius, 60-70 atm 7 of 36 Alcohol to alkene Conc, H2SO4 or H3PO4, 170 degrees celsius 8 of 36 Alcohol to haloalkane NaX, H2SO4, 20 degrees celsius 9 of 36 Haloalkane to alcohol Warm NaOH or KOH, H2O, reflux 10 of 36 Alcohol to aldehyde/ketone K2Cr2O7, H2SO4, heat 11 of 36 Aldehyde/ketone to alcohol NaBH4 then water 12 of 36 Alcohol to ester (3) Carboxylic acid, acid catalyst, heat OR acyl chloride OR acid anhydride 13 of 36 Ester to alcohol Dilute acid or alkali, reflux 14 of 36 Ester to carboxylic acid Dilute acid or alkali, reflux 15 of 36 Carboxylic acid to ester Alcohol, acid catalyst, heat 16 of 36 Aldehyde to carboxylic acid K2Cr2O7, H2SO4, reflux 17 of 36 Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride SOCl2 18 of 36 Acyl chloride to carboxylic acid Cold H2O 19 of 36 Acyl chloride to primary amide NH3, 20 degrees celsius 20 of 36 Acyl chloride to secondary amide Amine, 20 degrees celsius 21 of 36 Aldehyde/ketone to hydroxynitrile HCN 22 of 36 Hydroxynitrile to carboxylic acid Dilute HCl, reflux 23 of 36 Nitrile to carboxylic acid Dilute HCl, reflux 24 of 36 Hydroxynitrile to amine (3) LiAlH4 then dilute acid OR Na and ethanol, reflux OR H2, Ni/Pt catalyst, high temp and pressure 25 of 36 Acyl chloride to ester Alcohol, 20 degrees celsius 26 of 36 Alkene to haloalkane H2, nickel catalyst, 150 degrees celsius 27 of 36 Benzene to nitrobenzene Conc. HNO3, conc. H2SO4, warm 28 of 36 Nitrobenzene to phenylamine Tin, conc. HCl, reflux then NaOH 29 of 36 Benzene to alkyl benzene Haloalkane, AlCl3 catalyst, reflux 30 of 36 Benzene to halobenzene X2, AlCl3 catalyst, warm 31 of 36 Benzene to phenylketone Acyl chloride, AlCl3 catalyst, reflux 32 of 36 Phenol to 2,4,6-tribromophenol Bromine water, 20 degrees celsius 33 of 36 Phenol to 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol Dilute HNO3, 20 degrees celsius 34 of 36 Phenol to phenyl ester Acyl chloride, 20 degrees celsius 35 of 36 Phenol to sodium phenoxide NaOH, 20 degrees celsius 36 of 36
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