Substance Dualism

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  • Created by: TheNerdxP
  • Created on: 30-10-17 20:06
Category Mistake
Treating a concept as belonging to a logical category that it doesn't belong to, e.g. 'this number is heavy' commits a category mistake as numbers are not the sorts of things that can have a weight.
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Problem of Causal Interaction
The problem of explaining how mental states or substance can interact causally with physical states or substance. In particular, mental causation (the causation of physical events by mental events) is thought to contradict the completeness of physics
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Clear and Distinct Ideas
A clear idea is 'present and accessible to the attentive mind'; a distinct idea is clear and also sharply separated from other ideas so that every part of it is clear. (Descartes)
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Conceivability Argument
Arguments for dualism from the conceivability of mind and body being distinct. Descartes argues that 1) it is conceivable that the mind can exist without the body; 2) conceivability entails possibility; so 3) it is possible that the mind can exist wi
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Conceivable
Capable of being imagined or grasped mentally without incoherence or contradiction.
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Consciousness
The subjective phenomenon of awareness of the world and/or of one's mental states.
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Divisibility Argument
Descartes' argument that bodies are divisible into spatial parts, but minds have no such parts. Therefore, the mind is a distinct substance from the body.
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Interactionalist Dualism
The theory that mental and physical events can cause one another even though the mind and body are distinct substances (interactionist substance dualism) or mental and physical properties are distinct fundamental properties (interactionist property d
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Substance Dualism
The theory that two kinds of substance exist, mental and physical substance.
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Epiphenomenalism
The theory that mental states and events are epiphenomena, by-products, the effects of some physical process, but with no causal influence of their own.
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'Ghost in the Machine'
Ryle's name for substance dualism.
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Intuition
Direct non-inferential awareness of truths or abstract objects, e.g. the intuition that murder is wrong or that zombies are possible.
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Masked Man Fallacy
A fallacious form of argument that uses what one believes about an object to infer whether or not the object is identical with something else, e.g. I believe the Masked Man robbed the bank; I do not believe my father robbed the bank; therefore, the M
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Mental Causation
See entry on 'causal interaction, problem of'.
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Mental States
Mental phenomena that can endure over time, such as beliefs and desires. The term is often used more broadly to cover mental phenomena in general (states, processes and events).
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Para-mechanical Hypothesis
Ryle's name for understanding mental phenomena as non-spatial, non-mechanical states and processes.
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Phenomenal Concept
A concept by which you recognise something as of a certain kind when experiencing or perceiving it, e.g. a phenomenal concept of red as 'this' colour. Contrasted with theoretical concepts, which describe something in theoretical terms, e.g. a theoret
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Private
Capable of being experienced or known by no one other than the subject themselves.
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Problem of Other Minds
The question of how we can know that there are minds other than our own, given that our experience of other minds (if they exist) is through behaviour.
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Sensation
Our experience of objects outside the mind, perceived through the senses. An experience of this kind.
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Solipsism
The theory that only oneself, one's mind, exists. There are no other minds and no mind-independent physical objects.
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Subjective
That which depends upon the subject. In ethics, it relates to the personal or individual, especially where it is supposed to be an arbitrary expression of preference. In philosophy of mind, it relates to the first-personal, conscious experience of th
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Substance
Something that does not depend on another thing in order to exist, which possesses properties and persists through changes.
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Philosophical Zombie
An exact physical duplicate of a person, existing in another possible world, but without any phenomenal consciousness. It therefore has identical physical properties to the person (and identical functional properties, if these are fixed by physical p
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The problem of explaining how mental states or substance can interact causally with physical states or substance. In particular, mental causation (the causation of physical events by mental events) is thought to contradict the completeness of physics

Back

Problem of Causal Interaction

Card 3

Front

A clear idea is 'present and accessible to the attentive mind'; a distinct idea is clear and also sharply separated from other ideas so that every part of it is clear. (Descartes)

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Arguments for dualism from the conceivability of mind and body being distinct. Descartes argues that 1) it is conceivable that the mind can exist without the body; 2) conceivability entails possibility; so 3) it is possible that the mind can exist wi

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Capable of being imagined or grasped mentally without incoherence or contradiction.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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