structure and bonding

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  • Created by: saman 12
  • Created on: 03-04-19 09:51
Alkali metals
1 outer election - keen to lose so do not covalently bond. More energy levels = more shielding & less attraction = increased reactivity. Vigorous reaction to water producing Hydrogen and Alkaline solution
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Transition metals
Transition metals Good conducters of heat & electricity. Often have more than one ion. Colourful compounds.Good catalysts.
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group 7- halogens
7 outer electrons - need to gain 1. Melting and boiling point increase down group. Reactivity decreases. Form Halide ions when they gain an electron. In aqueous salt solutions, more reactive halogen will displace less reactive.
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group 8 - noble gases
Do not react.
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Ionic bonding
Between metal and non-metal. Ions are formed. Electrons transferred. E.g. Magnesium Oxide MgO
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Covalent bonding
Covalent Bonding Between metal and non-metal. Sharing electrons.E.g. Carbon Dioxide CO^2
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Graphite
Giant covalent structure. Layers with little attraction slide over eachother. Free electrons so conducts electricity. Strong covalent bonds - high melting point.
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Diamond
Giant covalent tetrahedral structure - hard and strong. High melting point. No free electrons - does not conduct electricity.
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Rusting
Rusting Iron is the only element that rusts [others corrode]. It needs oxygen to rust. To prevent we can coat it in paint, oil, grease, plastic, less or more reactive metal (sacrificial protection)
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Examples of acid, alkali and neutral
Acid: Hydrochloric Acid, Lemon Juice, Vinegar, Black Coffee. Alkali: Sodium Hydroxide, Oven Cleaner, Milk of Magnesia. Neutral: Water
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OIL RIG
Oxidation is Loss of electrons, Reduction Is Gain of electrons
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What is displacement reaction and why is it used? give example
What is a displacement reaction and why is it used? Give an example. In a salt. metal higher in the re-activity series will displace a metal lower. This can be used to extract pure metal from a salt. E.g. Sodium +Iron Chloride = Iron + Sodium Chlorid
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How is reduction used to extract metals from rocks?
Elements below Carbon in the reactivity series are added to Carbon. Oxygen is removed to create Carbon Dioxide and a pure metal. Such as Iron (III) Oxide + Carbon = Iron + Carbon Dioxide
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Transition metals

Back

Transition metals Good conducters of heat & electricity. Often have more than one ion. Colourful compounds.Good catalysts.

Card 3

Front

group 7- halogens

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

group 8 - noble gases

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Ionic bonding

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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